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RB Y2 ENT > Anatomy: Ear > Flashcards

Anatomy: Ear Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q
A

petrous part of temporal bone

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3
Q

zygomatic process of temporal bone

A

arises from squamous part and articulates wihth zygomatic bone

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4
Q

pterion

A

frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones

thinnest part of the skull

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5
Q

which part of the temporal bone is the mastoid process found on

A

petrous part

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

which bones form the anterior cranial fossa

A

frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid

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8
Q

which bones form the middle cranial fossa

A

sphenoid and temporal

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9
Q

which bones form the posterior cranial fossa

A

temporal and occipital

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10
Q
A

C O S F F I J H

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11
Q

order of cranial foraminae

A

“Carlos only smokes spliff since Rastaman offered skunk in indigenous Jamaica. Jamaican joint heaven”

COSFFIJH

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12
Q

external ear

A

from auricle to tympanic membrnae via external acoustic meatus

collect and convey sound waves to tympanic membrane

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13
Q

middle ear

A

from tympanic membrane to oval window and esutachian (auditory) tube

amplifies and conducts sound waves to internal ear

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14
Q

internal ear

A

from oval window to internal acoustic meatus

converts special sensory information - into fluid waves, then APs which are conducted to the brain

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15
Q

auricle anatomy

A
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16
Q

describe the innervation of the skin of the external ear

A
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17
Q

tympanic membrane and EAM sensory nerve supply

A

CNV3 (superior part of EAM and tympanic membrane) and CNX (inferior part of EAM and TM)

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18
Q

what is the lymphatic drainage of the lateral surface of the superior half of the auricle

A

parotid lymph nodes

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19
Q

what is the lymphatic drainage of the cranial surface of the superior half of the auricle

A

mastoid lymph nodes (purple) and deep cervical (light green)

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20
Q

what is the lymphatic drainage of the rest of the auricle, including the lobe

A

superficial cervical lymph nodes (dark green)

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21
Q

where does all lymph from the auricle eventually drain to

A

deep cervical lymph nodes (in carotid sheath), thoracic duct and then venous angle

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22
Q

what forms the skeleton of the external ear

A

temporal bone

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23
Q

is the elastic cartilage of the ear vascularised?

A

no - gets nutrients from the skin

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24
Q

where does the EAM extend from

A

deeper part of concha to tympanic membrane

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25
Q

structure and support of EAM walls

A

given structure from cartilage and bony support from temporal bone

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26
Q

what glands does the EAM produce earwax via

A

ceruminous glands

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27
Q

what does otoscopic examination involve

A

examination of the EAM and tympanic membrane, the EAM must be straight

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28
Q

compare a child’s EAM to that of an adults

A

a child’s is short and straight - pull posterioinferiorly (and be careful not to damage tympanic membrane)

curved in an adult - pull posteriosuperiorly

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29
Q
A

umbo = most inwardly depressed part of tympanic membrane (handle of malleus)

pars flaccida = superiorly thin part of tympanic membrane

pars tensa = thickest part of tympanic membrane (posteroinferiorly)

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30
Q

describe the innervation of the tympanic membrane

A

external surface: mainly CNV3 (auriculotemporal branch)

internal surface: CNIX

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31
Q

eustachian (auditory) tube

A

connects the tympanic cavity to the lateral wall of the nasopharynx

32
Q

CNIX sensory innervation

A

middle ear cavity

eustachian tube

naso and oro pharynx

tonsils

33
Q
A
34
Q

what are the 3 bones of the middle ear called

A

auditory ossicles

they link the tympanic membrane to the oval window of the internal ear

35
Q

how do the auditory ossicles articulate

A

via synovial joints

36
Q

which part of the stapes bone joints the oval window

A

base

37
Q

which bone creates the umbo

A

the handle of the malleus - adheres to the internal aspect of the tympanic membrane

38
Q

what is the function of the auditory tube

A

connects middle ear cavity to nasopharynx

acts to equalise pressure of the middle ear to that of the EAM

39
Q

which nerve runs over the internal aspect of the tympanic membrane

A

chorda tympani

  • runs over handle of malleus
40
Q
A
41
Q

what is the clinical impact of the eustachian tube and infection

A

bacteria/viruses can spread between the middle ear cavity and nasopharynx

eg infection from pharynx/tonsils can cause pain and hearing loss

42
Q

give an example of referred pain with CNIX

A

CNIX supplies: middle ear cavity, eustachian tube, nasopharynx, oropharynx, tonsils

tonsillitis or pharyngitis can mimic earache

43
Q
A

mastoid process of temporal bone

44
Q
A
45
Q

how does the mastoid antrum communicate with the middle ear

A

via the aditus

the antrum contains the mastoid air cells in the mastoid process of the temporal bone

46
Q

how does mastoiditis occur

A

it is inflammation of the mucosal lining of the mastoid antrum and mastoid air system inside the mastoid process

spread of infection through aditus from middle ear cavity

47
Q

what forms the roof of the middle ear cavity

A

the petrous part of the temporal bone

note the middle cranial fossa

48
Q

where does CNVII exit the cranial cavity

A

enters internal acoustic meatus on temporal bone

then enters facial canal on petrous temporal bone

exits facial canal via stylomastoid foramen - opening on surface of petrous part of temporal bone

49
Q
A

stylomastoid forman in petrous part of temporal bone

50
Q
A
51
Q

what does the chorda tympani branch of CNVII supply

A

taste buds of anterior 2/3 rd of tongue

parasympathetic supply to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

52
Q

what does the facial canal on the petrous temporal bone connect

A

IAM and stylomastoid foramen

53
Q

which muscle controls the stapes

A

the right/left stapedius (innervated by CNVII)

reduces the movement of the stapes to protect the internal ear from excessive noise

54
Q

describe the innervation of the tongue

A

anterior 2/3:

  • taste - chorda tympani CNVII
  • general sensory - CNV3

posterior 1/3: CNIX

55
Q

vermillion border

A

edge of lips

56
Q

buccal fat pad

  • what happens to it during illness
A

its loss in illness gives the appearance of sunken cheeks

it is a clinical sign of malnutrition

57
Q
A
58
Q

where do facial muscles originate and insert

A

originate on bone, insert into superficial fascia

59
Q

how can muscles of facial expression and motor CNVII be tested

A

asking patient to: frown, close eyes tightly, smile , puff out cheeks

60
Q

what are the 2 main functions of the inner ear

A

To convert mechanical signals from the middle ear into electrical signals, which can transfer information to the auditory pathway in the brain.

To maintain balance by detecting position and motion.

61
Q

what are the 2 components of CNVIII

A

cochlear nerve - hearing

vestibular nerve - balance

62
Q

where is the inner ear located

A

from oval window to internal acoustic meatus

petrous part of temporal bone

63
Q

bony labryinth

  • contents
A

also called otic capsule

bony cavities inside the petrous part of the temporal bone

it is composed of the cochlea, vestibule and 3 semicircular canals

64
Q

what does the bony labryinth contain

A

it is lined by periosteum and contains perilymph fluid

65
Q

membranous labryinth

A

inside the bony labryinth - suspended in the perilymph

it contains the cochlear duct, semicircular ducts, urticle and saccule

contains endolymph fluid

66
Q

where are the saccule and urticle of the membranous labryinth located

A

within the vestibule of the bony labryinth - innervated by vestibular nerve

67
Q
A
68
Q

cochlear duct function

A

conducts APs to the brain stem via the cochlear nerve - auditory part of the ear

69
Q

semicircular ducts

A

conduct APs to brainstem via vestibular nerve

70
Q

describe the transmission of sound through the ear

A
71
Q

where does CNVIII exit the cranial cavity

A

internal acoustic meatus

72
Q
A
73
Q

where do CNVII and CNVIII connect with the brain stem

A

at the junction between the pons and the medulla

74
Q

describe the course of CNVI in the cranial cavity, and what this makes it susceptible to

A

leaves the brainstem at the pons

runs up and over petrous temporal bone

superior orbital fissure

Raised ICP can stretch the nerve and hinder its function causing a CNVI palsy. This is called a false localising sign

75
Q
A

RB Y2 ENT (22 decks)

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