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RB Y2 ENT > Anatomy: Ear > Flashcards

Anatomy: Ear Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q
A

petrous part of temporal bone

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3
Q

zygomatic process of temporal bone

A

arises from squamous part and articulates wihth zygomatic bone

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4
Q

pterion

A

frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones

thinnest part of the skull

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5
Q

which part of the temporal bone is the mastoid process found on

A

petrous part

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

which bones form the anterior cranial fossa

A

frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid

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8
Q

which bones form the middle cranial fossa

A

sphenoid and temporal

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9
Q

which bones form the posterior cranial fossa

A

temporal and occipital

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10
Q
A

C O S F F I J H

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11
Q

order of cranial foraminae

A

“Carlos only smokes spliff since Rastaman offered skunk in indigenous Jamaica. Jamaican joint heaven”

COSFFIJH

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12
Q

external ear

A

from auricle to tympanic membrnae via external acoustic meatus

collect and convey sound waves to tympanic membrane

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13
Q

middle ear

A

from tympanic membrane to oval window and esutachian (auditory) tube

amplifies and conducts sound waves to internal ear

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14
Q

internal ear

A

from oval window to internal acoustic meatus

converts special sensory information - into fluid waves, then APs which are conducted to the brain

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15
Q

auricle anatomy

A
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16
Q

describe the innervation of the skin of the external ear

A
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17
Q

tympanic membrane and EAM sensory nerve supply

A

CNV3 (superior part of EAM and tympanic membrane) and CNX (inferior part of EAM and TM)

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18
Q

what is the lymphatic drainage of the lateral surface of the superior half of the auricle

A

parotid lymph nodes

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19
Q

what is the lymphatic drainage of the cranial surface of the superior half of the auricle

A

mastoid lymph nodes (purple) and deep cervical (light green)

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20
Q

what is the lymphatic drainage of the rest of the auricle, including the lobe

A

superficial cervical lymph nodes (dark green)

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21
Q

where does all lymph from the auricle eventually drain to

A

deep cervical lymph nodes (in carotid sheath), thoracic duct and then venous angle

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22
Q

what forms the skeleton of the external ear

A

temporal bone

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23
Q

is the elastic cartilage of the ear vascularised?

A

no - gets nutrients from the skin

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24
Q

where does the EAM extend from

A

deeper part of concha to tympanic membrane

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25
structure and support of EAM walls
given structure from cartilage and bony support from temporal bone
26
what glands does the EAM produce earwax via
ceruminous glands
27
what does otoscopic examination involve
examination of the EAM and tympanic membrane, the EAM must be straight
28
compare a child's EAM to that of an adults
a child's is short and straight - pull posterioinferiorly (and be careful not to damage tympanic membrane) curved in an adult - pull posteriosuperiorly
29
umbo = most inwardly depressed part of tympanic membrane (handle of malleus) pars flaccida = superiorly thin part of tympanic membrane pars tensa = thickest part of tympanic membrane (posteroinferiorly)
30
describe the innervation of the tympanic membrane
external surface: **mainly CNV3 (**auriculotemporal branch) internal surface: **CNIX**
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eustachian (auditory) tube
connects the tympanic cavity to the lateral wall of the nasopharynx
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CNIX sensory innervation
middle ear cavity eustachian tube naso and oro pharynx tonsils
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what are the 3 bones of the middle ear called
auditory ossicles they link the tympanic membrane to the oval window of the internal ear
35
how do the auditory ossicles articulate
via synovial joints
36
which part of the stapes bone joints the oval window
base
37
which bone creates the umbo
the handle of the malleus - adheres to the internal aspect of the tympanic membrane
38
what is the function of the auditory tube
connects middle ear cavity to nasopharynx acts to equalise pressure of the middle ear to that of the EAM
39
which nerve runs over the internal aspect of the tympanic membrane
chorda tympani - runs over handle of malleus
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what is the clinical impact of the eustachian tube and infection
bacteria/viruses can spread between the middle ear cavity and nasopharynx eg infection from pharynx/tonsils can cause pain and hearing loss
42
give an example of referred pain with CNIX
*CNIX supplies: middle ear cavity, eustachian tube, nasopharynx, oropharynx, tonsils* tonsillitis or pharyngitis can mimic earache
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mastoid process of temporal bone
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45
how does the mastoid antrum communicate with the middle ear
via the **aditus** the antrum contains the mastoid air cells in the mastoid process of the temporal bone
46
how does mastoiditis occur
it is inflammation of the mucosal lining of the mastoid antrum and mastoid air system inside the mastoid process spread of infection through **aditus** from middle ear cavity
47
what forms the roof of the middle ear cavity
the petrous part of the temporal bone ## Footnote *note the middle cranial fossa*
48
where does CNVII exit the cranial cavity
enters **internal acoustic meatus** on temporal bone then enters facial canal on petrous temporal bone exits facial canal via **stylomastoid foramen - opening on surface of petrous part of temporal bone**
49
stylomastoid forman in petrous part of temporal bone
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51
what does the chorda tympani branch of CNVII supply
taste buds of anterior 2/3 rd of tongue parasympathetic supply to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
52
what does the facial canal on the petrous temporal bone connect
IAM and stylomastoid foramen
53
which muscle controls the stapes
the right/left **stapedius** (innervated by **CNVII**) reduces the movement of the stapes to protect the internal ear from excessive noise
54
describe the innervation of the tongue
anterior 2/3: - taste - chorda tympani CNVII - general sensory - CNV3 posterior 1/3: CNIX
55
vermillion border
edge of lips
56
buccal fat pad - what happens to it during illness
its loss in illness gives the appearance of sunken cheeks it is a clinical sign of malnutrition
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58
where do facial muscles originate and insert
originate on bone, insert into superficial fascia
59
how can muscles of facial expression and motor CNVII be tested
asking patient to: frown, close eyes tightly, smile , puff out cheeks
60
what are the 2 main functions of the inner ear
To convert mechanical signals from the middle ear into electrical signals, which can transfer information to the auditory pathway in the brain. To maintain balance by detecting position and motion.
61
what are the 2 components of CNVIII
cochlear nerve - hearing vestibular nerve - balance
62
where is the inner ear located
from oval window to internal acoustic meatus **petrous part of temporal bone**
63
bony labryinth - contents
also called *otic capsule* bony cavities inside the petrous part of the temporal bone it is composed of the cochlea, vestibule and 3 semicircular canals
64
what does the bony labryinth contain
it is lined by periosteum and contains perilymph fluid
65
membranous labryinth
inside the bony labryinth - suspended in the perilymph it contains the cochlear duct, semicircular ducts, urticle and saccule contains endolymph fluid
66
where are the saccule and urticle of the membranous labryinth located
within the vestibule of the bony labryinth - innervated by vestibular nerve
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68
cochlear duct function
conducts APs to the brain stem via the cochlear nerve - auditory part of the ear
69
semicircular ducts
conduct APs to brainstem via vestibular nerve
70
describe the transmission of sound through the ear
71
where does CNVIII exit the cranial cavity
internal acoustic meatus
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where do CNVII and CNVIII connect with the brain stem
at the junction between the pons and the medulla
74
describe the course of CNVI in the cranial cavity, and what this makes it susceptible to
leaves the brainstem at the pons runs up and over petrous temporal bone superior orbital fissure Raised ICP can stretch the nerve and hinder its function causing a CNVI palsy. This is called a false localising sign
75

RB Y2 ENT (22 decks)

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