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RB Y2 ENT > Anatomy: Larynx > Flashcards

Anatomy: Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

what is enclosed in the pretracheal fascia

A

strap muscles

thyroid gland

trachea and larynx

oesphagus and pharynx

recurrent laryngeal nerves

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2
Q

what is the function of the strap muscles

A

accessory muscles of breathing

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3
Q

where does your laryngopharynx range from

A

region of the pharynx from epiglottis to oesophagus

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4
Q

where is the larynx found in relation to the laryngopharynx

A

anteriorly

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5
Q

which vertebra is the larynx found between

A

C4 and C6

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6
Q

which vertebral level is the hyoid bone at

A

C3

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7
Q

palpable structures in the neck

A
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8
Q
A

laryngeal inlet

  • connection between pharynx and larynx - opening into airway
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9
Q

how is the chance of aspiration reduced

A

raising of larynx towards the oesophagus

epiglottis moves posteriorly aiding the closure of the laryngeal inlet

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10
Q

what are the nasal cavities separated by medially, and what is the composition of this structure

A

nasal septum - perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone, vomer, cartilage

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11
Q

what is the larynx composed of

A

cartilage suspended from the hyoid bone

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12
Q

functions of the larynx

A

maintain patency of URT

cartilage help prevent the entry of foreign bodies

vocal cords and cough reflex produce sound

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13
Q
A
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14
Q
A

arytenoid cartilage

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15
Q
A
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16
Q

cricoid pressure

A

pressing on the cricoid cartilage of the larynx compresses the oesphagus by pressing it against C6 vertebral body

this means the oesophagus is closed but the larynx/airway is open

prevents regurgitation and aspiration but allows ventilation

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17
Q

what is another name for the laryngeal inlet

A

aditus

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18
Q
A
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19
Q
A
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20
Q
A
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21
Q

where do the true vocal cords run between

A

vocal process of arytenoid cartilage to thyroid cartilage

movement impacts sound

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22
Q

what are vocal cords

A

the free borders of mucosa covered connective tissue in the larynx

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23
Q

what do the false vocal chords run between

A

inferior border of quadrangular memebrane, runs from arytenoid cartilage to epiglottis

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24
Q

what is the laryngeal pouch

A

fold between the vestivular and true vocal folds

25
Q

note: inferior magin forms the vestibular ligament covered by the vestibular fold

A

quadrangular membrane

  • between vestibular ligament (arytenoid cartilage) and epiglottis
26
Q
A

conus elasticus - attached to cricoid cartilage

27
Q

vallecula

A

space between epiglottis and tongue

28
Q

where is the laryngoscope places

A

vallecula

29
Q
A

aryepiglottic fold - superior border of the quadrangular membrane

30
Q

what is the action of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx

A

control the shape of the rima glottidis and the length and tension of the vocal folds

attach between cartilages

31
Q

what are all the intrinsic muscles of the larynx innervated by

A

CNX

32
Q

impact of tension and relaxation of vocal cords

A

tension - increased pitch

relaxation - decresed pitch

33
Q

impact of abduction and adduction of the vocal chords

A

abduction - louder

adduction - quieter

34
Q

what is the tensor ligament of teh thyroid

A

cricothyroid - tenses vocal ligament and increases pitch

35
Q

what is this muscles, and what are its attachments

A

cricothyroid - tensor muscle

anterolateral cricoid cartilage to inferior horn of thyroid cartilage

36
Q

relaxor muscle of the larynx

A

thyroarytenoid muscles

37
Q
A

thyroarytenoid

from posterior thyroid to anterior arytenoid cartilage

38
Q

adductor muscle of the larynx

A

Lateral crico-arytenoid muscles

and arytenoid muscles

make voice quieter by closing rima glottidis

39
Q
A

Lateral crico-arytenoid muscles

from muscular process of arytenoid to anterior cricoid cartilage

40
Q
A

thyroarytenoid - relaxor

41
Q
A

lateral crico arytenoid - adductor

42
Q

arytenoid muscles

A

adduct/bring vocal ligaments together

43
Q
A
44
Q

abductor muscles of the larynx

A

posterior crico-arytenoid muscles

45
Q
A

posterior crico-arytenoid muscles

attach from posterior cricoid cartilage to muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

46
Q

which muscles are involved in controlled expiration

A

contraction of anterolateral abdominal wall muscles and internal intercostals

helps build pressure in respiratory tree inferior to larynx

pressure required depends on vocal task

47
Q

how is phonation produced

A

stream of air across vocal chords

length/tension of VC indicates pitch of sound produced by vibration of the cords

degree of opening and shape of rima glottidis is also important

48
Q

articulation of oral sounds

A
  • Soft palate tenses (CN V3) and elevates (CN X) to close off entrance into nasopharynx
  • Directs stream of air through oral cavity
  • Sound interrupted by the tongue (CN XII) and the teeth/lips (CN VII) to produce most vowels and consonants in English language
49
Q

articulation of nasal sounds

A
  • Soft palate tenses (CN V3) and descends (CN X) to close off entrance into oropharynx
  • Directs stream of air through nasal cavities
  • Produces one of three sounds: “m”, “n” or “ing” depending on position of tongue (CN XII), teeth and lips (CN VII).
50
Q

innervation of the intrinsic muscles

A

all apart from the cricothyroid are supplied by the inferior laryngeal nerve (CNX)

cricothyroid - external laryngeal nerve

51
Q

what is the cricothyroid supplied by

A

motor from external laryngeal nerve

52
Q

what does the internal laryngeal nerve supply

A

mucosa above the folds

53
Q

what does the inferior laryngeal nerve supply

A

mucosa below the folds

all intrinsic muscles except cricothyroid

54
Q

how can CNX be clinically tested

A

pharynx: ask patient to swallow a small sip of water
larynx: ask patient to speak - voice hoarse?

ask patient to cough (this also requires functioning diaphragm, phrenic nerves and abdominal wall etc)

55
Q

muscle: attachments and function

A

OMOHYOID

inferior belly from scapula, superior belly attached to inferior by intermediate tendon which is attached to the clavicle

action: depresses hyoid bone

56
Q
A

omohyoid

57
Q
A

sternohyoid

58
Q

muscle: attachments and function

A

superiorly: thyrohyoid (depresses hyoid)
inferiorly: sternothyroid (depresses thyroid cartilage)

RB Y2 ENT (22 decks)

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