Anatomy of Lower Renal Tract Flashcards
outline the false pelvis
from iliac crests to pelvic inlet
which cavity is the false pelvis in
the abdominal cavity
outline the true pelvis
pelvic cavity
from pelvic inlet to pelvic floor
which muscles forms the pelvic floor
levator ani
coccygeus
which muscles form the pelvic floor
the levator ani and coccygeus
where do the ureters enter the pelvic cavity
at the area of the sacroiliac joints wehre they cross the pelvic brim
before they were in the retroperitoneal area
ischial spine
describe the course of the ureters in the pelvic cavity, and the effects of this
- run down the lateral pelvic walls
- at the level of the ischial spines, enter the bladder wall in an inferiomedial direction (oblique)
- this helps to prevent the reflux of urine back into the ureters when the bladder contracts - ureters collapse
pouch of Douglas
recto uterine pouch in females
how does the ureter run in relation to the uterine tubes and uterine artery
inferiorly - water under the bridge
how does the ureter run in relation to the vas deferens
inferiorly
what are the functions of the bladder
- Temporary storage of urine
- Assists in the expulsion of urine
trigone
formed by the 2 ureteric orifices on the base and the internal urethral orifice on the floor
what is the muscle that forms the main bulk of the bladder wall
detrusor muscle
how do the bladder muscles prevenet reflux of urine superiorly into the ureter
detrusor muscle fibres encircle the ureteric orifices, these tighten when the bladder contracts
internal urethral sphincter
- in males, the detrusor muscle forms a sphincter around the necl of the bladder
- this contracts during ejaculation to prevent retrograde ejaculation of semen back into the bladder
in females, what is the weight of the uterus born by
the bladder
which surface of the bladder does peritoneum cover
superior
where does the bladder extend to
- can extend out of the pelvis - superior part lies superior to the pubic bone
what are the 2 routes for catheterising a patients bladder
- urethral
- suprapubic
which is the more common route for catheterising the bladder
urethral
which urethral sphincter is voluntary
external - male and female
skeletal muscle
which muscle acts as a sphincter
the levator ani as the urethra must pass through it to reach the exterior of the body
how long is the female urethra approx
4cm
where is the external urethral orifice located
in the perineum
how long is the male urethra approx
20cm
describe the path of sperm
- Testes located in the scrotum
- Sperm develop in testes
- Sperm pass from testis via the vas deferens
- Each vas deferens lies within the spermatic cord
- Each spermatic cord passes through the anterior abdominal wall within the inguinal canal to reach the pelvic cavity
- Within the pelvis each vas deferens connects with the duct from a seminal gland (produces seminal fluid) to form an ejaculatory duct containing semen(semen = sperm & seminal fluid)
- The right and left ejaculatory ducts join together within the prostate gland (immediately inferior to the bladder) and drain into the urethra
- The urethra opens at the external urethral meatus of the penis
describe the development of the testes
during embryological and feotal development move fro original position in posterior abdomen through inguinal canal to scrotum
should be here at birth
what is the sac called that the testis sit in
tunica vaginalis - parietal and visceral layer
what is the term for excess fluid in the tunica vaginalis
hydrocele
contents of the spermatic cord
what does torsion of the testes cause
twisting of the spermatic cord can disrupt the blood supply to the testes, causing severe pain and danger of testicular necrosis
where does the vas defens begin
at the inferior pole of the testis
where is the epididymis palpated
posterior aspect of the testis - proximal head
where is the vas deferens palpated
within the spermatic cord
what is the approx size of the prostate gland
walnut
which zone of teh prostate is palpated in a rectal exam
peripheral - most cancers arise here
what are the deep arteries of the penis transmitted in
corpus cavernosum
what does the corupus spongiosum transmit
spongry urethra and expands distally to form the glans
blood supply to penis
via the deep arteries of the penis which branch from the internal pudendal artery (from the internal iliac)
blood supply to the scrotum
via the internal pudendal and branches from external iliac artery
where does lymph from the scrotum and most of penis drain to
superifical inguinal nodesfound in superfical fasicia in groin
where does lymph from teh testis drain to
lumbar nodes around the abdominal aorta
where is the root of the penis attached laterally to
the ischium
name 2 functions of the prostatic urethra
drains urine from bladder and passes semen during ejaculation
