Anatomy of Lower Renal Tract

Question 1

outline the false pelvis

Answer 1

from iliac crests to pelvic inlet

Question 2

which cavity is the false pelvis in

Answer 2

the abdominal cavity

Question 3

outline the true pelvis

Answer 3

pelvic cavity

from pelvic inlet to pelvic floor

Question 4

which muscles forms the pelvic floor

Answer 4

levator ani

Question 5

Answer 5

coccygeus

Question 6

which muscles form the pelvic floor

Answer 6

the levator ani and coccygeus

Question 7

where do the ureters enter the pelvic cavity

Answer 7

at the area of the sacroiliac joints wehre they cross the pelvic brim

before they were in the retroperitoneal area

Question 8

Answer 8

ischial spine

Question 9

describe the course of the ureters in the pelvic cavity, and the effects of this

Answer 9

• run down the lateral pelvic walls
• at the level of the ischial spines, enter the bladder wall in an inferiomedial direction (oblique)
• this helps to prevent the reflux of urine back into the ureters when the bladder contracts - ureters collapse

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

pouch of Douglas

Answer 11

recto uterine pouch in females

Question 12

Answer 12

Question 13

how does the ureter run in relation to the uterine tubes and uterine artery

Answer 13

inferiorly - water under the bridge

Question 14

how does the ureter run in relation to the vas deferens

Answer 14

inferiorly

Question 15

what are the functions of the bladder

Answer 15

• Temporary storage of urine
• Assists in the expulsion of urine

Question 16

Answer 16

Question 17

trigone

Answer 17

formed by the 2 ureteric orifices on the base and the internal urethral orifice on the floor

Question 18

what is the muscle that forms the main bulk of the bladder wall

Answer 18

detrusor muscle

Question 19

how do the bladder muscles prevenet reflux of urine superiorly into the ureter

Answer 19

detrusor muscle fibres encircle the ureteric orifices, these tighten when the bladder contracts

Question 20

internal urethral sphincter

Answer 20

• in males, the detrusor muscle forms a sphincter around the necl of the bladder
• this contracts during ejaculation to prevent retrograde ejaculation of semen back into the bladder

Question 21

in females, what is the weight of the uterus born by

Answer 21

the bladder

Question 22

Answer 22

Question 23

which surface of the bladder does peritoneum cover

Answer 23

superior

Question 24

where does the bladder extend to

Answer 24

• can extend out of the pelvis - superior part lies superior to the pubic bone

Question 25

what are the 2 routes for catheterising a patients bladder

Answer 25

* urethral * suprapubic

Question 26

which is the more common route for catheterising the bladder

Answer 26

urethral

Question 27

which urethral sphincter is voluntary

Answer 27

external - male and female skeletal muscle

Question 28

which muscle acts as a sphincter

Answer 28

the levator ani as the urethra must pass through it to reach the exterior of the body

Question 29

how long is the female urethra approx

Answer 29

4cm

Question 30

Answer 30

Question 31

where is the external urethral orifice located

Answer 31

in the perineum

Question 32

how long is the male urethra approx

Answer 32

20cm

Question 33

Answer 33

Question 34

Answer 34

Question 35

describe the path of sperm

Answer 35

* Testes located in the scrotum * Sperm develop in testes * Sperm pass from testis via the vas deferens * Each vas deferens lies within the spermatic cord * Each spermatic cord passes through the anterior abdominal wall within the inguinal canal to reach the pelvic cavity * Within the pelvis each vas deferens connects with the duct from a seminal gland (produces seminal fluid) to form an ejaculatory duct containing semen(semen = sperm & seminal fluid) * The right and left ejaculatory ducts join together within the prostate gland (immediately inferior to the bladder) and drain into the urethra * The urethra opens at the external urethral meatus of the penis

Question 36

Answer 36

Question 37

describe the development of the testes

Answer 37

during embryological and feotal development move fro original position in posterior abdomen through inguinal canal to scrotum should be here at birth

Question 38

what is the sac called that the testis sit in

Answer 38

tunica vaginalis - parietal and visceral layer

Question 39

what is the term for excess fluid in the tunica vaginalis

Answer 39

hydrocele

Question 40

contents of the spermatic cord

Answer 40

Question 41

what does torsion of the testes cause

Answer 41

twisting of the spermatic cord can disrupt the blood supply to the testes, causing severe pain and danger of testicular necrosis

Question 42

where does the vas defens begin

Answer 42

at the inferior pole of the testis

Question 43

where is the epididymis palpated

Answer 43

posterior aspect of the testis - proximal head

Question 44

where is the vas deferens palpated

Answer 44

within the spermatic cord

Question 45

what is the approx size of the prostate gland

Answer 45

walnut

Question 46

Answer 46

Question 47

which zone of teh prostate is palpated in a rectal exam

Answer 47

peripheral - most cancers arise here

Question 48

what are the deep arteries of the penis transmitted in

Answer 48

corpus cavernosum

Question 49

what does the corupus spongiosum transmit

Answer 49

spongry urethra and expands distally to form the glans

Question 50

Answer 50

Question 51

blood supply to penis

Answer 51

via the deep arteries of the penis which branch from the internal pudendal artery (from the internal iliac)

Question 52

blood supply to the scrotum

Answer 52

via the internal pudendal and branches from external iliac artery

Question 53

where does lymph from the scrotum and most of penis drain to

Answer 53

superifical inguinal nodesfound in superfical fasicia in groin

Question 54

where does lymph from teh testis drain to

Answer 54

lumbar nodes around the abdominal aorta

Question 55

where is the root of the penis attached laterally to

Answer 55

the ischium

Question 56

name 2 functions of the prostatic urethra

Answer 56

drains urine from bladder and passes semen during ejaculation