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MRCS A > ANATOMY - Neck p2 > Flashcards

ANATOMY - Neck p2 Flashcards

1
Q

which nn innervates the suboccipital muscles?

A

suboccipital nn (posterior ramus C1)

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2
Q

which compartment of the neck of the are the suboccipital muscles in?

A

suboccipital compartment

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3
Q

action of the suboccipital muscles

A

extend + rotate neck

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4
Q

what are the name of the 4 suboccpital muscles?

A

rectus capitis post major
rectus capitis post minor
obliquus capitis superior
obliquus capitis inferior

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5
Q

rectus capitis post major origin/insertion

A

spinous process C2 –> lateral part of inferior nuchal line occipital bone

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6
Q

action rectus capitis post major

A

extend + rotate head

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7
Q

origin/insertion rectus capitis post minor

A

posterior tubercle C1 –> medial part inferior nuchal line occipital bone

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8
Q

action rectus capitis post minor

A

extends head

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9
Q

origin/insertion obliquus capitis superior

A

transverse process C1 –> occipital bone

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10
Q

action obliquus capitis superior

A

extends head

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11
Q

origin/insertion obliquus capitis inferior

A

does not attach to cranium
spinous process C2 –> transverse process C1

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12
Q

action obliquus capitis inferior

A

extends + rotates head

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13
Q

contents suboccipital triangle (3)

A

vertebral aa
suboccipital vv plexus
suboccipital nn

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14
Q

borders suboccipital triangle

A

superomed: rectus capitis post major
superolat: oblique capitis superior
inf: oblique capitis inf
floor: post atlanto-occipital membrane + posterior arch C1
roof: semispinalis capitus

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15
Q

what is the role of the scalene muscles?

A

accessory muscles of respiration
flex neck

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16
Q

origin/insertion anterior scalene

A

anterior tubercles of T processes C3-6 –> scalene tubercle 1st rib

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17
Q

action anterior scalene

A

elevates 1st rib
ipsilat: lat flexion neck
bilat: ant flexion neck

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18
Q

innervation anterior scalene

A

ant rami C5/6

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19
Q

origin/insertion middle scalene

A

post tubercle T processes C2-7 –> scalene tubercle 1st rib

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20
Q

action middle scalene

A

elevates 1st rib
ipsilat: ipsilat lat flexion neck

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21
Q

innervation middle scalene

A

ant rami C3-8

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22
Q

origin/insertion post scalene

A

post tubercles TP C5-7 –> 2nd rib

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23
Q

action post scalene

A

elevates 2nd rib
ipsilat - lat flexion neck

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24
Q

innervation post scalene

A

ant rami C6-8

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25
relation of brachial plexus and SCA to scalene muscles
pass between anterior + middle scalene
26
relation of SCV and phrenic nn to scalene mm
anterior to ant scalene
27
interscalene nn block
block of brachial plexus at the level of the cricoid cartilage
28
action of suprahyoid muscles
elevate hyoid bone
29
what are the 5 suprahyoid muscles
geniohyoid mylohyoid stylohyoid ant belly digastric post belly digastric
30
aa supply suprahyoid mm
facial aa occipital aa lingual aa branches
31
which suprahyoid muscle forms the floor of the oral cavity?
mylohyoid
32
origin/insertion mylohyoid
mylohyoid line mandible --> hyoid bone
33
action mylohyoid
elevates hyoid + floor mouth
34
innervation mylohyoid
inf alveolar nn (V3)
35
where is the geniohyoid in relation to the mylohyoid
deep
36
origin/insertion geniohyoid
inferior mental spine of the mandible --> hyoid
37
action geniohyoid
depresses mandible elevates hyoid
38
innervation geniohyoid
C1 nn root
39
relation of stylohyoid in relation to digastric mm
superior to the post belly of digastric
40
origin/insertion stylohyoid
styloid process temporal bone --> lat hyoid
41
action stylohyoid
initiates swallowing pulls hyoid posterosuperiorly
42
innervation stylohyoid
stylohyoid branch CN VII
43
origin/insertion anterior belly digastric
digastric fossa mandible --> intermediate tendon attaching to hyoid
44
origin/insertion posterior belly digastric
mastoid process temporal bone --> intermediate tendon attaching to hyoid
45
action digastric
depress + elevate hyoid bone
46
innervation anterior belly digastric vs posterior belly
anterior - inf alveolar branch V3 post - digastric branch VII
47
how are the infrahyoid muscles split into 2 groups?
superficial plane - omohyoid + sternohyoid deep plane (related to thyroid) - sternothyroid + thyrohyoid
48
aa supply infrahyoid muscles
inf + sup thyroid aa
49
origin/insertion omohyoid
sup belly - hyoid bone inf belly - scapula --> intermediate tendon clavicle
50
action omohyoid
depress hyoid
51
innervation omohyoid
anterior rami C1-3 via ansa cervicalis
52
origin/insertion sternohyoid
sternum + SCJ --> hyoid
53
action sternohyoid
depress hyoid
54
inn sternohyoid
anterior rami C1-3 via ansa cervicalis
55
origin/insertion sternothyroid
manubrium sternum --> thyroid cartilage
56
action sternothyroid
depress hyoid (as continues as thyrohyoid)
57
inn sternothyroid
ant rami C1-3 via ansa cervicalis
58
origin/insertion thyrohyoid
continuation of sternothyroid thyroid cartilage --> hyoid
59
action thyrohyoid
depress hyoid
60
innervation thyrohyoid
ant ramus C1 via CN XII
61
nn roots phrenic nerve
C3-5
62
motor action phrenic nerve
diaphragm - ipsilateral side
63
sensory action phrenic nn
central part diaphragm, pericardium, mediastinal part parietal pleura
64
which cervical nerve is the main contributor to the phrenic nn
C4
65
anatomical course phrenic nn
1)arise at lateral border ant scalene mm 2) progresses inferior, deep to prevertebral layer fascia 3) splits into R + L, posterior to the SCV
66
right phrenic nn course after SCV
anterior over lateral part of R SCA enters thorax via sup thoracic aperture ant along R Lung root along pericardium RA pierces diaphragm at IVC opening opening to innervate inferior surface of diaphragm (ipsilat)
67
left phrenic nn course after SCV
passes anterior over medial part L SCA enters thoracic via sup thoracic aperture descends to L lung root along pericardium LV pierces and inn infer surface diaphragm
68
causes of phrenic nerve palsy
mechanical trauma compression e.g. tumour neuropathy (diabetic neuropathy) paralysis
69
where is the cervical plexus?
post triangle neck, 1/2 way up SCM within prevertebral layer cervical fascia
70
greater auricular nn roots
C2-3
71
action greater auricular nn
external ear + parotid gland sensation
72
lesser occipital nn roots
C2, sometimes C3
73
route lesser occipital nn
curves around CN XI, close to border SCM
74
lesser occipital nn action
cutaneous sensation to the scalp
75
transverse cervical nn roots
C2-3
76
route transverse cervical nn
curves around post SCM then pierces deep cervical fascia and gives off branches
77
action transverse cervical nn
anterolat skin of the neck and upper sternum
78
supraclavicular nn roots
C3-4
79
route supraclavicular nn
arises behind post border SCM
80
action supraclavicular nn
skin around supraclavicular fossa, upper thoracic region + SCJ
81
nn to geniohyoid + thyrohyoid roots
C1
82
route nn to geniohyoid + thyrohyoid roots
travels with CN XII to respective mm
83
rectus capitis ant + lat - cervical plexus nn roots
C1-2
84
longus capitis - cervical plexus nn roots
C1-3
85
prevertebral mm + SCM contribution - cervical plexus nn roots
C2-3
86
levator scapulae, trapezius + scalene mm - cervical plexus nn roots
C3-4
87
phrenic nn contributing nn roots cervical plexus
ant rami C3-5
88
ansa cervicalis nn roots
C1-3
89
what are the 4 mm branches of the ansa cervicalis
sup belly omohyoid inf belly omohyoid sternohyoid sternothyroid
90
how to do a cervical plexus block
midway up post border SCM injust 3 times in fan like fashion cranially, caudally, anteriorly
91
RCCA origin
from bifurcation brachiocephalic trunk
92
LCCA origin
arch aorta
93
how many branches do the common carotid aa give off in the neck?
none
94
level of CCA bifurcation
C4 (sup margin thyroid cartilage) in carotid triangle
95
where does the right ECA end + terminating branches
within the parotid gland to form superficial temporal + macillary
96
6 other branches ECA
sup thyroid lingual facial ascending pharyngeal occipital post auricular
97
what is carotid sinus hypersensitivity
decr HR + BP secondary to hypersensitive baroceptors --> underperfused brain --> syncope
98
where do the vertebral aa arise from
from SCA, just medial to the anterior scalene
99
what are the 3 branches of the SCA
1st - inf thyroid aa (post prevertebral vv ) 2nd - transverse cervical aa (trapezius + rhomboid) 3rd - suprascapular aa (post shoulder)
100
which 2 veins form the EJV
post auricular and retromandibular vv
101
where does the EJV form
posterior to the angle of mandible
102
route of EJV to the SCV
originates post to the angle of the mandible descends down neck in superficial fascia, anterior to the SCM in a posteromedial direction reaches root of neck goes under clavicle --> SCV
103
what are the 3 tributaries it picks up in the neck
post ext jugular transverse cervical suprascapular
104
what does the Ant jugular vv drain
anterior aspect neck
105
where does the anterior jugular vein drain into
SCV
106
what does the IJV begin as a continuation of?
sigmoid sinus
107
through which opening does the IJV exit the skull>
jugular foramen
108
relation of IJV within the carotid sheath
deep to SCM lateral to CCA
109
which vein joins the IJV to form the BCV?
SCV
110
which vv drain into the IJV in the neck? (4)
facial vv lingual vv occipital vv sup/mid thyroid vv
111
what do the post auricular LN drain
area post to ear
112
what do the occpital LN drain
occipital areas scalp
113
what do the pre-auricular LN drain
superficial face + temporal regions
114
what do the supramandibular LN drain
cheeks, lateral nose, upper lips, lat lower lip, gums, ant tongue
115
what do the submandibular LN drain
mucous membranes nose, cheek, eyelids, conjuctiva
116
what do submental LN drain
central lower lip, floor mouth, apex + tongue
117
what do the parotid LN
nose, nasal cavity, EAM, tympanic cavity, lateral orbit, nasal cavities + nasopharynx
118
superficial cervical LN drain
superficial surafces ant neck, sup surface neck
119
ultimately where do the LN of the neck drain into
deep cervical LN
120
where is the vertical chain of the deep cervical LN
closeto the IJV within the carotid sheath
121
deep cervical LN -->
jugular lymphatic trunks L trunk --> thoracic duct -> vv system via L SCV R trunk --> R lymphatic duct --> SVV system via R SCV
122
Trosiers sign
raised Virchow's node 2' to gastric malignancy

MRCS A (36 decks)

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