ANATOMY - head part 3 Flashcards
1
Q
how many paired instrinsic muscles of the tongue?
A
four
2
Q
names of intrinsic muscles of the tongue
A
superior longitudinal
inferior longitudinal
transverse
vertical
3
Q
role of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue
A
affect shape and size of the tongue
4
Q
innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue
A
CN XII
5
Q
innervation of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue (except palatoglossus)
A
CN XII
6
Q
origin/insertion genioglossus
A
mandibular symphysis –> body hyoid + tongue
7
Q
action genioglossus
A
protrudes + depresses tongue
8
Q
innervation genioglossus
A
protrudes + depresses tongue
9
Q
origin/insertion styloglossus
A
styloid process –> lateral tongue
10
Q
action styloglossus
A
retractions + elevates tongue
11
Q
origin/insertion hyoglossus
A
hyoid –> lateral tongue
12
Q
action hyoglossus
A
depresses + retracts tongue
13
Q
origin/insertion palatoglossus
A
palatine aponeurosis –> posterior tongue
14
Q
action palatoglossus
A
elevates posterior tongue
15
Q
innervation palatoglossus
A
CN X
16
Q
aa to the tongue
A
lingual aa is main
tonsillar aa colateral
17
Q
tonsillar artery is a branch of
A
facial aa
18
Q
vv drainage tongue
A
lingual vein
19
Q
sensation to anterior 2/3 tongue
A
CN V3 branch = lingual nn
20
Q
anterior 2/3 taste tongue
A
chorda tympani ^CN VII
21
Q
posterior 1/3 sensation + taste to tongue
A
glossopharyngeal nn
22
Q
anterior 2/3 LN drainage tongue
A
Submental + submandibular LN –> deep cervical LN
23
Q
posterior 1/3 LN drainage tongue
A
deep cervical LN
24
Q
embryological origin thyroid
A
foramen cecum
25
which pharyngeal arch do the muscles of facial expression develop from?
2nd pharyngeal arch
26
which CN branches supply muscles of facial expression?
facial nn
27
orbicularis oculi origin/insertion
medial palpebral ligament + lacrimal bone --> skin around orbit + tarsal plates
28
action orbicularis oculi
palpebral part - closes eyelid gently
lacrimal part - tear drainage
orbital part - tightly closes eyelid
29
innervation orbicularis oculi
temporal + zygomatic branches CN VII
30
relation of corrugator supercilly to orbicularis oculi
posterior
31
origin/insertion corrugator supercilly
medial supercilly arch --> skin of eyebrow
32
action corrugator supercilly
frowning
33
innervation corrugutor supercilly
temporal branch of CN VII
34
procerus origin/insertion
nasal bone --> lateral forehead
35
action procerus
pulls eyebrows down --> frowning
36
innervation procerus
buccal branch of CN VII
37
origin/insertion nasalis
transverse section: maxilla --> aponeurosis across dorsum of the nose
alar section: maxilla over incisor --> alar cartilage
38
action nasalis
transverse portion compresses nasal opening
alar portion widens nasal opening
39
innervation nasalis muscle
buccal branch of CN VII
40
origin/insertion depressor septinasi
maxilla --> nasal septum
41
action depressor septinasi
pulls septum inferiorly
42
innervation depressor septinasi
buccal branch of the CN VII
43
buccinator origin/insertion
between mandible + maxilla --> runs inferomedially to blend with oris
44
action buccinator
pulls cheeks inwards
45
innervation buccinator
buccal branch of CN VII
46
origin/insertion orbicularis oris
maxilla --> skin/mm lips
47
action orbicularis oris
closes lips to narrow opening
48
innervation orbicularis oris
buccal branch CN VII
49
which pharyngeal arch are the muscles of mastication from
1st pharyngeal arch
50
innervation of muscles of mastication
CN V3
51
temporalis origin/insertion
temporal fossa skull--> coronoid process mandible
52
action temporalis
elevates + retracts manidble
53
which is more superficial - masseter or pterygoids
masseter
54
origin/insertion masseter
superficial part: maxillary process zygomatic
deep part: zygomatic arch temporal
--> ramus of the mandible
55
action masseter
elevates mandible
56
shape of medial pterygoid
quadrangular
57
which is inferior - medial or lateral pterygoid
medial
58
origin/insertion medial pterygoid
superficial head - maxillary tuberosity + pyramidal process of palatine bone
deep: medial aspect of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid
--> ramus of mandible
59
action medial pterygoid
elevates mandible
60
innervation medial pterygoid
CN V3
61
shape lateral pterygoid
triangular
62
what feature of the lateral pterygoid make it good at protraction
horizontal fibres
63
origin/insertion lateral pterygoid
superior head - greater wing sphenoid
inferior head - lateral pterygoid plate --> tendon to neck of mandible
64
action lateral pterygoid
unilat - side to side movement jaw
bilat - protract mandible, depress chin
65
innervation lateral pterygoid
CN V3
66
which cells of the lacrimal gland secrete lacrimal fluid?
serous cells
67
where is the lacrimal gland?
anteriorly in the superolateral orbit in the sacrimal fossa
68
how long is the lacrimal gland
2cm
69
pathway of lacrimal fluid to the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity
lacrimal fl circulates in eye and then accumulates in the lacrimal lake
--> Lacrimal lake
--> Sac
--> NLD
--> inferior meatus of the nasal cavity
70
aa supply lacrimal apparatus
lacrimal aa
71
lacrimal aa is a branch of
ophthalmic aa
72
vv supply lacrimal apparatus
superior ophthalmic vv. --> cavernous sinus
73
LN drainage lacrimal apparatus
superficial parotid LN --> superior deep cervical LN
74
innervation lacrimal apparatus
lacrimal nn (V1)
under parasymp control for secretion
symp control inhibits secretion
75
what are the 5 layers of the eyelid?
skin/SCT
orbicularis oculi
tasal plates
levator apparatus - LPS + superior tarsal
conjunctivate
76
which glands are attached to the SCT/skin of the eyelid
ciliary glands of Moll (sweat glands)
77
which glands are within the tarsal plate?
Meobomian glands
oil which stops tears evaporating
78
LPS - origin/insertion
lesser wing of sphenoid --> upper eyelid + superior tarsal plate
79
action LPS
opens eyelids
80
innervation of LPS
superior branch of CN III
81
superior tarsal origin/insertion
underside of LPS --> superior tarsal plate
82
action superior tarsal
opens eyelids
83
innervation superior tarsal
sympathetic fibres from the sup ceervical ganglion
84
medial vv drainage of the eye
medial palpebral vv + opthalmic vv
85
lateral vv drainage of the eye
sup temporal vv
86
aa supply to the eye (3)
ophthalmic aa
facial aa
superficial temporal aa
87
innervation ofthe upper eyeild
CN V1
88
innervation of the lower eyelid
CN V2
89
which bones form the bony part of the nose?
nasal bone
maxilla
frontal bone
90
which cartilages form the cartilaginous part of the nose?
2 lateral cartilages
2 alar cartilages
one septal cartilage
91
sensory innervation to the nose
CN V
external nasal nerve (V1) - dorsum, ala, vestibule
infraorbital nerve (V2) - lateral nose
92
procerus muscle action
depresses medial eyesbrows
wrinkle sup dorsum skin
93
nasalis muscle action
assists procerus + flares nares
94
depressor septi nasi action
flares nares
95
nn supply mm of the nose
CN VII
96
aa supply to the skin/external nose
maxillary + opthlamic aa branches
97
aa supply to septum + alar nose
angular aa, lateral nasal aa
(branches of the facial aa)
98
vv supply nose
facial vv --> IJV
99
LN drainage nose
supericial lymphatic vessels accompany the facial vv --> deep cervical LN
100
what are the 3 divisions of the nasal cavity
respiratory division
olfactory division
vestibule
101
cells in the respiratory division of the nasal cavity
pseudostratified columnar ep + mucus secreting goblet cells
102
cells in the olfactory division of the nasal cavity
olfactory cells + olfactory receptors
103
function of the nasal conchae
increase surface area of the nasal cavity, making air flow slow and turbulent to increase humidity
104
where is the sphnoethmoidal recess
superior + posterior to the sup chnchae
105
which sinuses drain into the middle meatus (3)
frontal sinuses
maxillary sinuses
ant ethmoidal
106
what sinuses drain into the ethmoidal bulla?
middle ethmoid
107
what sinuses drain into the superior meatus
posterior ethmoidal
108
which structure is within the superior meatus
sphenopalatin foramen
109
role of the sphenopalatine foramen
communicates between the nasal cavity and the pterygopalatine fossa
110
what sinus drains into the posterior roof
sphenoid
111
what drains into the inferior meatus
NLD
112
where does the eustachian tube drain into
eustachian tube opens into nasopharynx at level of inferior meatus
113
where is the incisive canal?
between the nasal cavity + incisive fossa
114
contents of the incisive canal
nasopalatine nerve
greater palatine artery
115
origin of the anterior/posterior ethmoidal aa
ophthalmic aa
116
origin of the superior labial aa
ECA
117
origin of the greater palatine aa
ECA
118
origin of the sphenopalatine aa
ECA
119
vv draiange of the nasal cavity
follow aa --> pterygoid plexus , facial vv of cavernous sinus
120
sensation of the nasal cavity is inn by
nasopalatine nn V2
or nasociliary nn V1
121
how are the paranasal sinuses formed in embryology
by nasal cavity eroding into the bone
122
shape of frontal sinus
triangular
123
frontal sinus drains into the middle meatus via
frontonasal duct- -> hiatus semilunaris
124
inn frontal sinus
supraoribtal nn (V1)
125
aa supply frontal sinus
ant ethmoidal aa
126
sphenoid sinuses drains into
spheno-ethmoidal recess in the sup chonchae
127
inn sphenoid sinus
posterior ethmoidal nn V1
128
aa supply sphenoid sinus
pharyngeal branch of maxillary aa
129
innervation ethmoidal sinus
anterior = posterior ethmoidal branches nasociliary nn V2
130
aa supply ethmoidal sinus
anterior + posterior ethmoidal aa
131
maxillary sinus drains into
hiatus semilunaris
132
roof of the mouth proper
hard + soft palate
133
what type of cells form the hard palate sup + inferiorly
ciliaryted pseudostratified superiorly
stratified squamous inferiorly
134
what muscle makes up the cheeks of the mouth proper
buccinator
135
what 4 structures make up the floor of the mouth proper
mm diaphragm (b/l mylohyoid mm)
geniohyoid mm
tongue
salivary glands/ducts
136
inn of the hard palate
greater palatine + nasopalatine nn V2
137
inn of the soft palate
lesser palatine nn V2
138
afferent limb inn of the gag reflex
CN IX
139
efferent limb inn of the gag reflex
CN X
140
which bones make up the hard palate
palatine process of the maxilla
horizontal plates of the palatine bone
141
what are the 3 foramina of the hard palate
incisive canal
greater palatine foramen
lesser palatine foramen
142
where is the greater palatine foramen
medial to the 3rd molar
143
contents of the greater palatine foramen
greater palatine nn/vessels
144
where is the lesser palatine foramen
in the pyramidal process of the palatine bone
145
contents of the lesser palatine foramen
lesser palatine nn
146
what is the name of the 2 arches. that bind the palate to the tongue + uvular
palatoglossal arch
palatopharyngeal arch
147
what are the 5 muscles of the soft palate
tensor veli palatini
levator veli palatini
palatoglossus
palatopharygneus
musculus uvuluae
148
inn of the 5 mm of the Soft palate except tensor veli palatini
pharyngeal branch CNX
149
inn tensor veli palatini
medial pterygoid branch V3
150
action tensor veli palatini
tenses soft palate
151
action levator veli palatini
elevates soft palate
152
action palatoglossus
pulls soft palate towards tongue
153
action palatopharyngeus
tenses soft palate + draws pharynx anteriorly
154
action musculus uvulae
shortnes uvula
155
aa supply soft palate
greater palatine aa is majority
collateral from lesser palatine aa + ascending palatine aa
156
vv drainage soft palate
pterygoid vv plexus
157
parotid - mucus or serous
serous
158
what structure separates the superificial and deep lobes of the parotid gland
facial nn
159
what structure is superior to the parotid gland
zygomatic arch
160
what structure is inferior to the parotid gland
inferior border mandible
161
what structure is anterior to the parotid gland
masseter
162
what structure is posterior to the parotid gland
external ear + SCM
163
duct from parotid gland
Stensens ducts
164
where does stensens duct open into
2nd upper molar
165
which 3 vessels/nn are in close proximity to the parotid gland
CN VII
ECA - maxillary aa and sup temporal aa
retromandibular vv
166
aa supply parotid gland
sup temporal + post auricular aa
167
vv drainage parotid gland
retromandibular vein
168
sensory inn parotid gland vs parotid fascia
gland = auricotemporal nn
fascia = greater auricular nn
169
parasymp stimulation parotid gland
CN IX - otic ganglion --> auricotemporal nn --> parotid gland
170
symp stim parotid gland
sup cervical ganglion --> along ECA --> Parotid gland (inhibs secretion via vasoconstriction)
171
sublinguinal gland - mucus/serous
mucus (high mucin content)
172
what % of salivary volume comes from sublingual gland
3-5%
173
structures medial and lateral to the sublingual gland
lateral = mandible
medial = genioglossus
174
where do the 2 sublingual glands unite?
at frenulum in horseshoe shape
175
what ducts drain the sublingual glands?
minor sublingual ducts of Rivinus
176
aa supply to the sublingual glands
sublingual (^lingual) + submental aa (^facial aa)
177
vv drainage sublingual glands
sublingual vv --> lingual vv
+ submental vv --> facial vv
both then drain into IJV
178
parasym inn of sublingual glands
same as SM glands
hence parasym:
chorda tympani --> sup salivatory nucleus --> alongside lingual branch CN V3 --> SM ganglion --> secretomotor fibres
179
symp inn of the sublingual glands
same as SM glands hence
sup cervical ganglion --> along ICA, ECA, facial aa --> SL/SM aa --> gland
180
submandibular - serous or mucous
mixed
181
anatomical position of Submandibular gland - what is superior, anterior + posterior
superior - inferior body of the mandible
anterior - ant belly digastric
posterior - post belly digastric
182
aa supply submandibular gland
submental + sublingual aa
183
vv drainage submandibular gland
facial + sublingual vv
184
duct draining submandibular gland
Whartons duct --> base of lingual frenulum
185
relation of lingual nerve to the submandibular gland
lateral to the submandibular duct
186
post op Sx lingual nerve damage 2' to SM gland excision
loss of taste + parasthesia ant 2/3 tongue
rarely permanent
187
relation of CN XII to the submandibular gland
deep to SM fgland
188
post op Sx CN XII damage 2' to SM gland excision
ipsilat paralysis tongue --> dysarthria + deviation tongue to same side lesion
it is rarely injured
189
relation fo marginal mandibular branch of CN VII
exits anteroinferiorly to the SM gland
190
post op Sx damage marginal mandibular branch of CN VII
ipsilateral paresis mm lower lip/chin - drooping lower lip temporarily
lasts c. 12 weeks
