Anatomy Lecture 4_back Musculature Flashcards
Define Extrinsic muscles
Muscles with attachment to the spine that move the upper extremities
Where does the trapezius attach (proximal and distal)
Proximal attachment is to medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line, EOP nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7 to T12.
Distal attachment is to the lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and scapular spine
What nerves provide inervation to the trapezius
- Spinal accessory nerve CN XI provides motor control
- C3 and C4 provide pain and proprioception
What is the trapz blood supply
the transverse cervical artery
Where does the Latissimus dorsi attach (proximal and distal)
Proximal attachment at spinous process of T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, inferior angle of the scapila, and ribs 9-12
Distal attachment at floor of intertubercular groves (humerus)
What nerve provides inervation to the lat?
The thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)
What is the lat’s blood supply
the thoracodorsal artery
Where does the levator scapulae attach (proximal and distal)
Proximal attachment at the transverse process of C1-C4
Distal attachment at superior angle of scapula
What is the levator scapulae’s blood supply
Dorsal scapular artery
What nerves innervate the levator scapulae
the dorsal scapular nerver and the C3 C4 cervical spinal nerves
Where does the rhomboid major attach (proximal and distal)
proximal attachment at the spinous process of T2-T5.
Distal attachment at the medial border of the scapula below the scapular spine
What nerve innervates the rhomboid major
The dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
What is the rhomboid major’s blood supply
the dorsal scapular artery
Where does the rhombiod minor attach (proximal and distal)
proximal attachment at the spinous process of C7 and T1
Distal attachment at the medial border of the scapula at the level of the scapular spine.
What nerve inntervates the rhomboid minor?
The dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
What is the rhomboid minor’s blood supply?
the dorsal scapular artery
Where does the Serratus posterior superior attach (proximal and distal)
Proximal attachment at nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7 to T3.
Distal attachment at ribs 2-5
What nerves innervate the Serratus posterior superior?
Innervated by anterior rami of T2-T5 spinal nerves
What is the serratus posterior superior’s blood supply
Intercostal aa
Where does the serratus posterior inferior attach (proximal and distal)
Proximal attachment at spinous process of T11-L2.
Distal attachment at ribs 9-12
What nerves innervate the serratus posterior inferior?
Innervated by anterior rami of T9-T12 thoracic spinal nerves
What is the serratus posterior inferior’s blood supply?
intercostal aa
Where does the splenius cervicis attach (proximal and distal)
Proximal attachment at spinous process of T3-T6
Distal transverse process of C1-C3
Where does the Splenius capitis attach
Proximal attachment at C7-T3 and lower 1/2 of ligamentum nuchae.
Distal attachment at mastoid process and lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line.
What nerves innervate the splenius cervicis and capitis
posterior rami of spinal nerves
What is the splenius’s blood supply
occipital atrery
What is the general attachment pattern of the splenius muscles?
Spinous process to transverse process
How many splenius muscles are you learning right now
Two. The splenius cervicus and the splenius capitis
How many Iliocostalis muscles are you learning right now?
Three. The iliocostalis lumborum, the iliocostalis thoracis, and the iliocostalis cervicis
What is the general attachment pattern of the erector spine muscles?
Spinous process to ribs
What nerves innervate the iliocostalis muscles?
posterior rami of spinal nerves
What supplies blood to the iliocostalis muscles?
cervical a, intercostal aa, subcostal a, lumbar a
what is the attachment pattern of the iliocostalis muscles
Proximal attachment to iliac crest, lumbar spinous process.
Distal attachment at angle of lower ribs and transverse processes of the cervical spine.
How many longissimus muscles am I learning right now
Three, the longissimus thoracis, cervicis, and capitis
What is the general attachment of the longissimus muscles
proximal attachment to iliac crest, sacrum. associated ligaments, and the spinous processes of the lumbar spine.
Distal attachments to the thoracic and cervical transverse processes or mastoid process
What nerves innervate the longissimus muscles?
innervated by posterior rami of spinal nerves
What supplies blood to the longissimus muscles?
cervical a, intercostal aa, subcostal a, lumbar a
How many sub muscle types compse the erector spine
Three, the iliocostalis, the longissimus, and the spinalis
How many spinalis muscles are you learning right now?
Two, the spinalis thoracis and cervicis
What is the attachment of the spinalis muscless
proximal attachment to iliac crest, sacrum. associated ligaments, and the spinous processes.
Distal attachments to the spinous processes in the upper thoracic and cervical regions
What nerves innervate the spinalis muscles?
innervated by posterior rami of the spinal nerves
What supplies blood to the spinalis muscles?
cervical a, intercostal aa, subcostal a, lumbar a
How many deep intrinsic muscle (Transversospinales) types am I studying?
Three, the semispinalis, Multifidus, and rotatores
What is the general attachment type of the transversospinales (deep intrinsic muscle)
Transprocess to spinous process
How many sub types of semispinalis muscle are there?
Three, semispinalis thoracis, cervicis, and capitis
What is the attachment of the semispinalis muscles
Proximal attachment to the transverse processes of C4-T12.
Distal attachment at occipital bone and spinous processes. Typicall spans 4-6 segments
What nerves innervate the semispinalis muscles
innervated by posterior rami of spinal nerves
Where do the semispinalis muscles receive blood?
cervical a, intercostal aa, subcostal a, lumbar a
Describe the attachment of the Multifidus
Proximal attachment at sacrum, ilium, mammillary processes, and transverse processes of T1-T3
Distal attachment to spinous processes of superior vertebrae
What nerves innervate the multifius
innervated by posterior rami of the spinal nerves
where does the multifidus receive blood
cervical a, intercostal aa, subcostal a, lumbar a
How many rotatores sub muscles are there
Two, longus and brevis
Describe the attachment of the rotatores muscles
Proximal attachment to the transverse processes in the thorasic spine.
Distal attachment at junction of lamina and spinous process of superior vertebrae. Rotatores longus and brevis span 2 and 1 vertebrae respectivly
What nerve innervates the rotatores muscles
innervated by posterior rami of the spinal nerves
where do the rotatores receive blood from?
cervical a, intercostal aa, subcostal a, lumbar a
How many catigories of segmental muscle are there
Three, interspinales, intertransversarii, and levatores costarum
How many sub intersinales muscles are there?
Three, cervicis, thoracis, and lumborum
Describe the attachment of the interspinales
attachment between adjacent spinous processes of C1 to L5
What nerve innervates the interspinales?
innervated by posterior rami
where do the interspinales receive blood
cervical a, intercostal aa, subcostal a, lumbar a
How many sub intertransversarii are there?
Three, cervicis, thoracis, and lumborum
Describ the attachment of the intertransversarii
attachment to transverse processess of adjacent vertebrae from C2 to L5
What nerves innervate the intertransversarii
Innervated by anterior rami in the cervical spine and posterior rami in the thoracic and lumbar spine
In what region are the intertransversarii and interspineales negligable
in the thoracic region
How many levatores costarum sub types are there
Two, brevis and longus
Describe the attachment of levatores costarum
Proximal attachment at the transverse processess of C7 to T11.
Distal attachment at costal angles of sub adjacent ribs (breves) or two ribs below (longi).
Note the longi do not begin until the inferior portion of the thoracic region.
What nerves innervate the levatores costarum
Innervated by posterior rami of C8 thru T11
Where do the levatores costarum receive blood
cervical a, intercostal aa, subcostal a, lumbar a
How many suboccipital muscles are there
Four, rectus capitus posterior major, rectus capitus posterior minor, obliquus capitis superior, obliquus captitis inferior
describe the attachment of rectus capitis posterior major
poximal attachment to the spinous process of C2
Distal attachement at inferior nuchal line
what nerve innervates the rectus capitis posterior major
innervated by the posterior ramus of C1 (suboccipital nerve)
what supplies blood to the rectus capitis posterior major
blood is supplied by the vertebrael a. and occipital a.
describe the attachment of rectus capitis posterior minor
proximal attachment to posterior tubercle of C1
Distal attachment to inferior nuchal line (medial portio)
what nerves innervate rectus capitis posterior minor
innervated by the posterior ramus of C1 (suboccipital nerve)
what supplies blood to the rectus capitis posterior major
blood is supplied by the vertebrael a. and occipital a.
describe the attachement of obliquus capitis superior
Proximal attachment at transverse process of C1.
Distal attachement between superior and inferior nuchal lines
what nerve innervates obliquus capitis superior
innervated by the posterior ramus of C1 (suboccipital nerve)
what supplies blood to obliquus capitis superior
blood is supplied by the vertebrael a. and occipital a.
describe the attachement of obliquus capitis inferior
proximal attachment at spinous process of C2
Distal attachment at transverse process of C1
what nerve innervates obliquus capitis inferior
innervated by the posterior ramus of C1 (suboccipital nerve)
what supplies blood to obliquus capitis inferior
blood is supplied by the vertebrael a. and occipital a.
Describe the following:
- Anterior longitudinal ligament
- Posterior longitudinal ligament
- Ligamentum flavum
- interspinous ligament
- supraspinous ligament
- intertransverse ligament
- Anterior longitudinal ligament: runs from C1 to sacrum on the anterior surface of vertebrae. is well developed in the lordotic region.
- Posterior longitudinal ligament: runs through the vertebrael foramen from C2 to the sacrum
- Ligamentum flavum: joins the lamina of adjacent vertebrae. weak in cervical region, strong on thorolumbar
- interspinous ligament: joins the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae
- supraspinous ligament: joins the tips of spinous processes from C7 to sacrum
- intertransverse ligament: connects transverse process of adjacent ligaments
What are the five cervical ligaments
1) Transverse ligament
2) Anterior and posterior atlanto-occipital membranes
3) Cruciate ligament of the atlas
4) Alar ligament
5) Tectoral membrane
Describe Transverse ligament
like a sling the wraps around the dens
Describe Anterior and posterior atlanto-occipital membranes
Anterior and poserior membrane between vertebrae surrounding the foramen magnum.
describe the Alar ligament
From sides of dens to lateral margin of foramen magnum. Prevents excessive rotation
