Anatomy Lecture 2 - Overview of the upper limb Flashcards
What are the names of the compartments of the arm?
Anterior
Posterior
What are the names of the compartments of the forearm?
Anterior
Posterior
Lateral (some texts include this in the posterior compartment)
Arterial supply of anterior compartment of arm?
Brachial
Arterial supply posterior compartment arm?
Profunda brachii
Venous drainage anterior compartment of arm?
Brachial vein
Venous drainage of posterior compartment of arm?
Profunda brachii
Nerve supplying muscles of anterior compartment of arm?
Musculocutaneous
Nerve supplying muscles of posterior compartment of arm?
Radial
Arterial supply to anterior compartment of forearm?
Radial
Ulnar
Arterial supply to posterior compartment of forearm?
Interosseous
Venous drainage of anterior compartment of forearm?
Venae comitantes
Venous drainage of posterior compartment of forearm?
Venae comitantes
Nerve supply to anterior compartment of forearm?
Median (+ ulnar)
Nerve supply to posterior compartment of forearm?
Radial
Arterial supply to hand?
Deep and superficial palmar arches
Nerve supply to hand?
Ulnar
Median nerve supplies LOAF (4 muscles)
What are venue comitantes?
Most big arteries have 2 veins running on either side called venae comitantes (accompanying veins)
See diagram 1
See diagram 1
See diagram 2
See diagram 2
See diagram 3
See diagram 3
What are the roots of the brachial plexus?
C5, C6, C7, C8, T1
What is the trunk formed from C5 and C6 in the brachial plexus?
Upper trunk
What is the trunk formed from C7 in the brachial plexus?
Middle
What is the trunk formed from C8 and T1 in the brachial plexus?
Lower
What do all the trunks of the brachial plexus divide into?
Anterior and posterior division
What are the 3 cords of the brachial plexus?
Lateral
Posterior
Medial
What forms the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?
Anterior branches of the upper and middle trunks (C5, 6 and 7)
What forms the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?
All of the posterior division (C5 - T1)
What forms the medial cord of the brachial plexus?
The anterior division of the lower trunk (C8 and T1)
How are the cords of the brachial plexus named?
According to their location to the brachia artery
What shape do the branches of the medial and lateral cords of the brachial plexus make?
An M shape
What is another name for Erb’s palsy?
Waiter’s tip
What happens during Erb’s Palsy/ waiter’s tip?
Paralysis of the arm due to injury to the upper group of the arm’s main nerves (specifically the upper trunk - C5 - C6) - usually occurs during a difficult birth - paralysis can either resolve on its own over a period of months or through rehab and surgery
What is Klumpke’s paralysis?
Form of paralysis involving the muscles of the forearm and hand resulting from a brachial plexus injury which damages C8 and T1
See diagram 4
See diagram 4
See diagram 5
See diagram 5
What vessels in the upper limb are extremely variable?
Superficial veins
What covers articular surfaces in joints?
Articular cartilage (normally hyaline cartilage although there are exceptions e.g. fibrocartilage in TMJ)
What surrounds a joint, lines the capsule (on the inside) and secretes synovial fluid?
Synovial membrane aka synovium
What surrounds a synovial joint?
A capsule
What surrounds the capsule of a synovial joint?
Ligaments
See diagram 6
See diagram 6
What 3 major factors stabilise a joint?
Ligaments (including capsule)
Muscle tone
Shape of the articular surfaces
What branches come off the lateral cord of the branchial?
Musculocutaneous Median (along with medial cord)
What branches come off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?
Axillary
Radial
What branches come off the medial cord of the brachial plexus?
Ulnar Median (along with lateral cord)
