Anatomy Dissection 1 - Femoral Triangle, Anterior and Medial Thigh (except muscles) Flashcards
What borders the femoral triangle superiorly?
the inguinal ligament
What borders the femoral triangle laterally?
Sartorius
What borders the femoral triangle medially?
Adductor longus
What forms the floor of the femoral triangle?
Iliopsoas laterally and pectineus medially
What does the femoral triangle contain from laterally to medially?
Femoral nerve
Artery
Vein
Canal (contains the deep inguinal lymph nodes)
What envelopes the femoral artery and vein?
The femoral sheath
What is the femoral sheath?
A short tube of transversalis and iliopsoas fascia from the abdominal wall surrounding the most proximal part
Inferiorly, the sheath blends with the adventitia of these vessels
Roots of the femoral nerve?
L2, L3 and L4
Where is the femoral nerve formed?
The lumbar plexus
What is the posterior branch of the femoral nerve?
The saphenous nerve (sensory)
How does the saphenous nerve leave the adductor canal?
By passing between sartorial and gracilis
What does the saphenous nerve supply?
The fascia and skin of the anteromedial aspects of the knee and leg and the medial aspect of the foot where it accompanies the great saphenous vein
What is a femoral hernia?
When part of the peritoneum herniates into the femoral canal due to increased abdominal pressure
What does the femoral canal contain?
Deep inguinal lymph nodes and adipose tissue
What vessels supply the majority of the blood to the head of the femur?
What do they do this through?
The medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries
Their retinacular branches
How the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries named?
According to the aspect of the profound femurs artery from which they emerge
What is the external oblique aponeurosis?
The flattened tendon of the most superficial of the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles
How is the inguinal ligament related to the external oblique aponeurosis?
The inguinal ligament is its inferior border
What does the inguinal ligament run between?
the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercle
What does the medial half of the inguinal ligament contain?
What does this contain?
Inguinal canal
Spermatic cord in males and the round ligament in females
Does the femoral vessels, femoral nerve and the iliopsoas muscle/ combined tendon enter/leave the lower limb by passing anterior or posterior to the inguinal ligament?
What space does it pass through
Posterior - in the retroinguinal space
What is the name for the deep fascia of the thigh?
Fascia lata
What type of reflex is the knee jerk?
Deep tendon reflex
Explain the knee jerk deep tendon reflex?
The patellar ligament is stripped with a tendon hammer to suggest a sudden stretch of the quadriceps muscle
This normally produces contraction of the quadriceps and slight extension at the knee joint
What does a positive knee jerk test confirm is functioning properly?
Quadriceps muscles
Femoral nerve
Spinal cord connections (reflex arc)
Descending controls from the brain which act to prevent unwanted recurrent reflexes from occurring
how does the obturator nerve, artery and vein enter the medial compartment of the thigh?
Via the obturator foramen of the hip bone
What happens to the obturator nerve once it has passed through the obturator foramen and where does this occur?
It divides into anterior and posterior branches
At the upper border of the adductor brevis
Where can the anterior branch of the obturator branch be located?
Between adductors longus (anteriorly) and brevis (Posteriorly) in the superior part of the medial compartment
What 3 nerves provide sensory innervation to the thigh?
Anterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh (branch of the femoral nerve)
Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh (branch of the lumbrosacral plexus)
Cutaneous nerve of the obturator nerve
What type of structure does lymphatic drainage tend to follow?
Venous drainage
What does lymph from superficial structure i.e. in the skin and superficial fascia tend to follow?
The great and small saphenous veins
What does lymph following the great saphenous vein drain into?
The superficial inguinal lymph nodes located in the superficial fascia around the vein
What does lymph from the superficial inguinal nodes drain into?
Mostly the external iliac nodes and some to the deep inguinal nodes
What does lymph following the small saphenous vein drain into?
The popliteal lymph nodes located in the popliteal fossa
Where dies lymph from the popliteal lymph nodes drain?
To the deep inguinal nodes
Where are the deep inguinal lymph nodes found?
Deep to the deep fascia of the thigh medial to the femoral vein
Where does lymph from the popliteal lymph nodes drain?
External iliac nodes
Where does all lymph from the lower limb ultimately drain to?
External iliac nodes
