Anatomy Dissection 1 - Femoral Triangle, Anterior and Medial Thigh (except muscles)

Question 1

What borders the femoral triangle superiorly?

Answer 1

the inguinal ligament

Question 2

What borders the femoral triangle laterally?

Answer 2

Sartorius

Question 3

What borders the femoral triangle medially?

Answer 3

Adductor longus

Question 4

What forms the floor of the femoral triangle?

Answer 4

Iliopsoas laterally and pectineus medially

Question 5

What does the femoral triangle contain from laterally to medially?

Answer 5

Femoral nerve
Artery
Vein
Canal (contains the deep inguinal lymph nodes)

Question 6

What envelopes the femoral artery and vein?

Answer 6

The femoral sheath

Question 7

What is the femoral sheath?

Answer 7

A short tube of transversalis and iliopsoas fascia from the abdominal wall surrounding the most proximal part
Inferiorly, the sheath blends with the adventitia of these vessels

Question 8

Roots of the femoral nerve?

Answer 8

L2, L3 and L4

Question 9

Where is the femoral nerve formed?

Answer 9

The lumbar plexus

Question 10

What is the posterior branch of the femoral nerve?

Answer 10

The saphenous nerve (sensory)

Question 11

How does the saphenous nerve leave the adductor canal?

Answer 11

By passing between sartorial and gracilis

Question 12

What does the saphenous nerve supply?

Answer 12

The fascia and skin of the anteromedial aspects of the knee and leg and the medial aspect of the foot where it accompanies the great saphenous vein

Question 13

What is a femoral hernia?

Answer 13

When part of the peritoneum herniates into the femoral canal due to increased abdominal pressure

Question 14

What does the femoral canal contain?

Answer 14

Deep inguinal lymph nodes and adipose tissue

Question 15

What vessels supply the majority of the blood to the head of the femur?
What do they do this through?

Answer 15

The medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries

Their retinacular branches

Question 16

How the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries named?

Answer 16

According to the aspect of the profound femurs artery from which they emerge

Question 17

What is the external oblique aponeurosis?

Answer 17

The flattened tendon of the most superficial of the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles

Question 18

How is the inguinal ligament related to the external oblique aponeurosis?

Answer 18

The inguinal ligament is its inferior border

Question 19

What does the inguinal ligament run between?

Answer 19

the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercle

Question 20

What does the medial half of the inguinal ligament contain?

What does this contain?

Answer 20

Inguinal canal

Spermatic cord in males and the round ligament in females

Question 21

Does the femoral vessels, femoral nerve and the iliopsoas muscle/ combined tendon enter/leave the lower limb by passing anterior or posterior to the inguinal ligament?
What space does it pass through

Answer 21

Posterior - in the retroinguinal space

Question 22

What is the name for the deep fascia of the thigh?

Answer 22

Fascia lata

Question 23

What type of reflex is the knee jerk?

Answer 23

Deep tendon reflex

Question 24

Explain the knee jerk deep tendon reflex?

Answer 24

The patellar ligament is stripped with a tendon hammer to suggest a sudden stretch of the quadriceps muscle
This normally produces contraction of the quadriceps and slight extension at the knee joint

Question 25

What does a positive knee jerk test confirm is functioning properly?

Answer 25

Quadriceps muscles
Femoral nerve
Spinal cord connections (reflex arc)
Descending controls from the brain which act to prevent unwanted recurrent reflexes from occurring

Question 26

how does the obturator nerve, artery and vein enter the medial compartment of the thigh?

Answer 26

Via the obturator foramen of the hip bone

Question 27

What happens to the obturator nerve once it has passed through the obturator foramen and where does this occur?

Answer 27

It divides into anterior and posterior branches

At the upper border of the adductor brevis

Question 28

Where can the anterior branch of the obturator branch be located?

Answer 28

Between adductors longus (anteriorly) and brevis (Posteriorly) in the superior part of the medial compartment

Question 29

What 3 nerves provide sensory innervation to the thigh?

Answer 29

Anterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh (branch of the femoral nerve)
Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh (branch of the lumbrosacral plexus)
Cutaneous nerve of the obturator nerve

Question 30

What type of structure does lymphatic drainage tend to follow?

Answer 30

Venous drainage

Question 31

What does lymph from superficial structure i.e. in the skin and superficial fascia tend to follow?

Answer 31

The great and small saphenous veins

Question 32

What does lymph following the great saphenous vein drain into?

Answer 32

The superficial inguinal lymph nodes located in the superficial fascia around the vein

Question 33

What does lymph from the superficial inguinal nodes drain into?

Answer 33

Mostly the external iliac nodes and some to the deep inguinal nodes

Question 34

What does lymph following the small saphenous vein drain into?

Answer 34

The popliteal lymph nodes located in the popliteal fossa

Question 35

Where dies lymph from the popliteal lymph nodes drain?

Answer 35

To the deep inguinal nodes

Question 36

Where are the deep inguinal lymph nodes found?

Answer 36

Deep to the deep fascia of the thigh medial to the femoral vein

Question 37

Where does lymph from the popliteal lymph nodes drain?

Answer 37

External iliac nodes

Question 38

Where does all lymph from the lower limb ultimately drain to?

Answer 38

External iliac nodes