Anatomy Dissection 7/8 - Foot Workshop Flashcards
How many bones are in the foot?
26 (27 in the hands)
Name the bones of the foot?
Talus Calcaneus Navicular Cuboid Medial, intermediate, lateral cunnieforms Metatarsals Proximal phalanges Middle phalanges Distal phalanges
Name of the joint between the talus and calcaneus?
Subtalar joint
What 2 joints make up the midtarsal joint?
Calcaneocuboid and talocalcaneonavicular joints
What type of joints are the mid tarsal joints?
Synovial joints
What is the main movement that occurs at the mid tarsal joints? - what muscles perform these?
Inversion (by tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior)
Eversion (fibularis muscles)
Name of the joint between the cuneiforms/ cuboid proximally and the metatarsals?
Tarsometatarsal joints
Name of the synovial joints between the metatarsal and phalangeal joints?
Metatarsophalangeal joints
Name of the synovial hinge joints that allow flexion extension of the toes?
Interphalangeal joints
What 2 structures supports the arches of the foot?
Plantar aponeurosis
Plantar ligaments
What is the plantar aponeurosis?
Thickened central area of the plantar fascia (deep fascia of the sole of the foot)
Name of the 3 plantar arches?
Medial longitudinal arch
Lateral longitudinal arch
Transverse arch
What is the name of the arch of the foot that can be seen by viewing the foot from the inside?
Medial longitudinal arch
What supports the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?
Flexor hallucis longus and the attachments of tibias anterior and fibularis longus
What is the name of the arch of the foot that can be seen by viewing the foot from the outside?
Lateral longitudinal arch
Which metatarsals are involved int eh medial longitudinal arch of the foot?
1-3 (4-5 are involved in the lateral longitudinal arch)
Which arch of the foot extends across the way?
Transverse arch
Which 2 structures support the transverse arch of the foot?
Fibularis longus
Tibialis posterior
How are the intrinsic muscles of the foot arranged?
Locate din compartments within the sole, where they are arranged in 3 layers or between the metatarsals (7 interossei -> “4th layer of sole”) -> also 2 dorsal muscles
What is the main action of the sole muscles of the foot?
Flexion
What is the main action of the interossei of the feet?
Abduction/ adduction of the toes
What is the action of the 2 dorsal intrinsic muscles of the foot?
Short extensors of the toes
What does the dorsalis pedis artery branch from?
Anterior tibial artery
Where is the dorsalis pedis pulse taken?
Lateral to extensor hallucis longus tendon
What are the medial and lateral plantar arteries branches of?
Posterior tibial artery
What arises from both the deep plantar arch and the arcuate artery?
what do these branch to give?
Metatarsal arteries
Branch to give digital arteries
What does the dorsal venous arch give rise to?
Great and small saphenous veins
What does the anterior and posterior tibial and fibular veins drain into?
Popliteal vein
Motor nerve supply to the intrinsic nerves of the foot?
Tibial nerve to muscles of sole and deep fibular nerve to muscles of the dorsum
Sensory nerve supply the sole of the foot?
Mainly tibial nerve to the heel and majority of the sole (via medial and lateral plantar nerves)
Sural nerve to proximal lateral border
Saphenous nerve to proximal medial border
Sensory nerve supply to dorsum of foot?
Mainly superficial fibular nerve
Deep fibular nerve supplies the first interdigital cleft
Sural nerve = proximal lateral border
Saphenous nerve = proximal medial border
What do the lymphatic vessels of the foot accompany?
Great and small saphenous veins
How many intrinsic muscles are there in the foot?
20
