Anatomy Ch 6 test review

Question 1

combo of all but rotation, common in ball-in-socket, proximal end of limb is stationary and its distal end is moves in a circle, limb as whole outlines a cone
EX: shoulder

Answer 1

circumduction

Question 2

opposite of abduction, limb toward the body midline
EX: lower arm movement

Answer 2

adduction

Question 3

opposite of adduction, moving a limb away (generally on the frontal plane) from midline, median place
EX: lower arm movement

Answer 3

abduction

Question 4

is movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis
EX: movement of head

Answer 4

rotation

Question 5

movement that increased the angle of the joint
EX: straginthing fixed knee, movement of head

Answer 5

extension

Question 6

movement of foot, standing on heel

Answer 6

dorsiflexion

Question 7

movement of foot, pointing toes

Answer 7

planter flexion

Question 8

invert foot, turn the sole medially

Answer 8

inversion

Question 9

evert the foot, turn the sole laterally

Answer 9

eversion

Question 10

turning backward, ulna and radius are straight, thumb up

Answer 10

supination

Question 11

turning forward, radius crosses over ulna, thumb down

Answer 11

pronation

Question 12

move thumb to touch all fingers on same hand

Answer 12

opposition

Question 13

same tone/ tension, muscle shorten –> movement occurs, normal

Answer 13

isotonic contraction

Question 14

same measurement/ lengthen, muscle try to slide, but something immovable does not allow this EX: a single person trying to move a 400 pound dresser by themselves

Answer 14

isometric contractions

Question 15

sustained partial contraction of a muscle in response to stretch to receptor inputs; keeps the muscle healthy and ready to react

Answer 15

muscle tone

Question 16

ability to recoil and resume their resting length after being stretched

Answer 16

elasticity

Question 17

the ability of a muscle to be stretched

Answer 17

extensibility

Question 18

excitability/ sponsitivness, the ability to receive and respond to a stimulus

Answer 18

irritability

Question 19

ability to shorten (forcibly) when adequate stimulated

Answer 19

contractility

Question 20

muscle considering of cross-striated (cross-striped) muscle fibers; cardiac/ skeletal

Answer 20

striated muscle

Question 21

muscle under control of the will; skeletal muscle

Answer 21

voluntary muscle

Question 22

the connective tissue enveloping bundles of muscle fibers

Answer 22

perimysium

Question 23

the sheath of fibrous connective tissue surrounding a muscle

Answer 23

epimysium

Question 24

muscle cells

Answer 24

muscle fibers

Question 25

cord of dense fibrous tissue attaching a muscle to a bone

Answer 25

tendon

Question 26

muscle consisting of spindle-shaped, nonstriated, muscle cell; involuntary muscle

Answer 26

smooth muscle

Question 27

specialized muscle of the heart

Answer 27

cardiac muscle

Question 28

muscle husk, oval nuclei just beneath the plasma membrane

Answer 28

sarcolemma

Question 29

a motor neuron and all the muscle cells it supplies

Answer 29

motor unit

Question 30

the region where a motor neuron comes into close contract with a skeletal muscle cell

Answer 30

neuromuscular junction

Question 31

the fliud-filled space at synapse between neurons

Answer 31

synaptic cleft

Question 32

an electrical event occuring when a stimulus of sufficient intensity is applied to a neuron or muscle cell, allowing sodium ions to move into the cell and reverse the polarity ( minimum needed threshold to get a muscle reaction)

Answer 32

action potential

Question 33

a single rapid contraction of a muscle followed by relaxation

Answer 33

muscle twitch

Question 34

a response that varies directly with the strength of the stimulus

Answer 34

graded response

Question 35

respiration in which oxygen is considered and glucose is broken down entirely; water, carbon dioxide, and large amounts of ATP are the final products

Answer 35

aerobic respiration

Question 36

does not use oxygen, in muscle during hard exercise

Answer 36

anaerobic respiration

Question 37

if the stimulus frequency is so high that the relaxation phase disappears completely, contractions become continuous

Answer 37

complete tetanus

Question 38

muscles go through quick cycles of contractions followed by relaxation periods

Answer 38

incomplete tetanus

Question 39

voluntary, striated, multinucleate cells, single, very long, cylindrical

Answer 39

skeletal muscles

Question 40

visceral, nonstriated, involuntary, uninucleate, single, fusiform

Answer 40

smooth muscles

Question 41

stratied, involuntary, uninucleate, intercalated discs, branching chains of cells

Answer 41

cardiac muscle

Question 42

functions of the muscle

Answer 42

producing movement, maintaining posture, stabilizing joints, generating heat

Question 43

attached to the immoveable or less moveable bone

Answer 43

origin

Question 44

attached to the moveable bone, when muscle contractions it moves towards the origin

Answer 44

insertion

Question 45

muscle have the major responsibility for causing a particular movement

Answer 45

prime mover

Question 46

muscles that oppose or reverse a movement

Answer 46

antagonists