Anatomy Ch 11 test review Flashcards
-superior receiving chambers
-assist with filling the ventricles
-blood enters under low pressure from veins of the body
Atria (left and right)
-inferior discharging chambers
-thick-walled pumps of the heart
-during contraction, blood is propelled into circulation
Ventricles (right and left)
separates the two atria longitudinally
interatrial septum
separates the two ventricles longitudinally
interventricular septum
right side works as the
pulmonary circuit pump
left side works as the
systemic circuit pump
between atria and ventricles
atrioventricular valves (AV)
left AV valve
bicuspid (mitral) valve
right AV valve
tricuspid valve
between ventricle and artery
semilunar valves
branch from the aorta to supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood
coronary arteries
drain the myocardium of blood
cardiac veins
a large vein on the posterior of the heart; receives blood from cardiac veins
coronary sinus
rapid heart rate, over 100 beats per minute
tachycardia
slow heart rate, less than 60 beats per minute
bradycardia
one complete heartbeat, in which both atria and ventricles contract and than relax
the cardiac cycle
systole
contraction
diastole
relaxation
average heart rate
75 beats per minute
cardiac cycle length
0.8 seconds
longer, louder heart sound caused by the closing of the AV valves
lub
short, shart heart sound caused by the closing of the semilunar valves at the end of ventricular systole
dub
-amount of blood pumped by each side ( ventricular) of the heart in 1 minute
-product of stroke volume and heart rate
cardiac output (CO)
-volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one contraction (each heartbeat)
-about 70 ML of blood is pumped out of the left ventricle with each heartbeat
stroke volume (SV)
typically 75 beats per minute
heart rate (HR)
vessels that carry blood away from the heart
arteries and arterioles
vessels that play a role in exchanges between tissues and blood
capillary beds
vessels that return blood toward the heart
venules and veins
smooth muscle and elastic tissue
tunica media
arteries have a heavier, stronger, stretchier tunica media than veins to withstand changes in pressure
Arteries vs. veins
veins have a thinner tunica media than arteries and operate under low pressure
arteries vs. veins
-veins also have valves to prevent backflow of blood
-lumen of veins is larger than that of arteries
-skeletal muscle “milk” blood in veins toward the heart
arteries vs. veins
largest artery in the body, major systemic artery; arises from the left ventricle of the heart
Aorta
hepatic portal vein carries blood to the
liver, where it s processed before returning to systemic circulation
hepatic portal circulation is formed by
veins draining the digestive organs, spleen, and pancreas, which empty into the hepatic portal vein
hepatic portal vein receives blood from:
splenic vein, superior mesenteric vein, left gastric vein
pressure the blood exerts against the inner walls for the blood vessels, force that causes blood to continue to flow in the blood vessels
blood pressure (BP)
label for blood pressure
mmHg
heat has a vasodilating effect
temperature, widens blood vessels
cold has a vasoconstricting effect
temperature, closes blood vessels
low systolic ( below 100 mmHg), often associated with illness, acute is warning sign for circulatory shock (stand up really fast= dizziness)
hypotension (low BP)
sustained elevated material pressure (140/90 mmHg), warn of increased peripheral resistance (more serous condition)
hypertension (high BP)
organ system that distrubles blood to all parts of the body
cardiovascular system
heart point, directed towards the left hip and rest on the diaphragm
apex
the region of the thoracic cavity between the lungs
mediastinum
the membranous sac enveloping the heart
pericardium
loosely fitting superficial art of the pericardium sac
fibrous pericardium
deep to the fibrous pericardium is the slippery, two layer…
serous pericardium
the outer layer of a serous membrane that lines the walls of a body cavity
parietal layer
innermost layer of a serous membrane that directly covers or adheres to an organ
visceral layer
a serous membrane that tightly hugs the external surface of the heart and is actually part of the heart wall; also called visceral pericardium
epicardium
inflammation for the pericardium
pericarditis
the cardiac muscle layer of the heart wall
myocardium
the endothelial membrane lining the interior of the heart
endocardium
the two upper chambers of the heart
atria
the two lower chambers of the heart
ventricles
large vein that empties into the heart, legs, feet and organs in abdomen/ pelvis
inferior vena cava
large vein that carries blood from the head, neck, arms, and chest to heart
superior vena cava
large artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs
pulmonary trunk
blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs back to the left atrium of the heart
pulmonary veins
system of blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs for gas exchange
pulmonary circulation
