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12 grade > anatomy Ch 5 test review (notes) > Flashcards

anatomy Ch 5 test review (notes) Flashcards

1
Q

the bones of the skull, vertebral column, thorax, and sternum

A

axial skeleton

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2
Q

composed of 126 bones, limbs (appendages), pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle

A

appendicular skeleton

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3
Q

bones increase in diameter

A

appositional growth

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4
Q

first cervical vertebra

A

atlas

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5
Q

second cervical vertebra

A

axis

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6
Q

elongated shaft of the long bone

A

diaphysis

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7
Q

double-layered connective tissue that covers and nourishes the bone

A

periosteum

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8
Q

dense, looks smooth and homogeneous

A

compact bone

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9
Q

composed of small needlelike pieces of bone and lots of open space

A

spongy bone

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10
Q

yellow marrow, the cavity of the shaft is primarily a storage area for adipose (fat) tissue

A

medullary cavity

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11
Q

large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix

A

osteoclasts

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12
Q

bone-forming cells

A

osteoblasts

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13
Q

a mature bone cells

A

osteocytes

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14
Q

system of protection and support composed primarily of bone and cartilage

A

skeletal system

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15
Q

allows the lengthwise growth of bone, flat plate of hyaline cartilage in young, growing bone

A

epiphyseal plate

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16
Q

blood-filled swelling, first stage in the healing of a bone fracture

A

hematoma

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17
Q

breaks

A

fractures

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18
Q

restoring broken bone ends (or a dislocated bone) to its original position

A

reduction

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19
Q

C1 to C7, concave, form neck region to spine

A

cervical vertebrae

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20
Q

T1 to T12, convex, all typical, only vertebrae to articulate with the ribs

A

thoracic vertebrae

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21
Q

L1 to L5, concave, sturdiest of the vertebrae because of all the pressure from body weight

A

lumbar vertebrae

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22
Q

5 pairs, attach indirectly to the sternum or are not attached to the sternum at all

A

false ribs

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23
Q

last 2 pairs of false ribs, lack the sternal attachments

A

floating ribs

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24
Q

two bony protuberances by which muscles are attached to the upper femur

A

trochanter

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25
Q

articulations, the junction of two or more bones

A

joints

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26
Q

accumulation of uric acid in the blood causes sever pain on one joint, typically the big toe

A

Gout

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27
Q

inflammation in the Joints

A

arthritis

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28
Q

an increased softening of the bone resulting from a gradual decrease in rate of bone formation; a common condition in older people

A

osteoporosis

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29
Q

most common form of arthritis, chronic degenerative condition that typically affects the aged

A

Osteoarthritis (OA)

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30
Q

chronic inflammatory disorder

A

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

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31
Q

stretching or tearing of ligaments

A

sprain

32
Q

upper back abnormal spine curvature

A

kyphosis

33
Q

lower back abnormal spine curvature

A

lordosis

34
Q

spine shifts left or right from original position

A

scoliosis

35
Q

functions of the skeletal system

A

support the body, protection of soft organs, allow movement via attached muscles, store minerals and fats, blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)

36
Q

parts of skeletal system

A

bones (skeleton), joints, cartilages, ligaments

37
Q

classification of bones (4)

A

short, flat, long, irregular

38
Q

typically longer than they are wide, shaft with enlarged ends, contain mostly compact bones

A

long bone

39
Q

Examples of long bone

A

femur, humerus

40
Q

thin, flattened, and usually curved, two thin layers of compact bone sandwich a layer of spongy bone between them

A

flat bones

41
Q

examples of flat bone

A

most bones of the skull, ribs, sternum

42
Q

generally cubed-shaped, contain mostly spongy bone with an outer layer of compact bone, sesamoid bones are a type of this bone that form within tendons (patella)

A

short bones

43
Q

examples of short bone

A

carpals, tarsals

44
Q

irregular shape, do not fit into other bone classification categories

A

irregular bones

45
Q

examples of irregular bone

A

vertebrae, hip bones

46
Q

remnant of the epiphyseal plate, seen in adult bones

A

epiphyseal line

47
Q

where the spine meets the skull

A

foramen Magnum

48
Q

what holds in the head of the humerus

A

glenoid cavity

49
Q

end of long bone

A

epiphysis

50
Q

covers the external surface of the epiphysis, made of hyaline cartilage, decreases friction

A

articular cartilage

51
Q

lines the inner surface of the shaft, made of connective tissue

A

endosteum

52
Q

cavity inside the shaft, contains yellow marrow, (mostly flat) in adults, contains red marrow for blood cell formation until age 6 or 7

A

medullary cavity

53
Q

sites of attachments for muscles, tendons, and ligaments, passages for nerves and blood vessels

A

bone markings

54
Q

projections or processes

A

grow out from the bone surface (all protections being with “T”) category of bone markings

55
Q

depressions or cavities

A

depressions or cavities- indentions (all depression begin with “F”) (except facet)category of bone markings,

56
Q

3-5 fused bones in the spine

A

sacrum, coccyx

57
Q

immovable joints (functional)

A

synarthroses

58
Q

slightly moveable joints (functional)

A

amphiarthrosis

59
Q

freely moveable joints (functional)

A

diarthroses

60
Q

immovable joints (instructional )

A

fibrous joints

61
Q

slightly moveable (instructional)

A

cartilaginous joints

62
Q

freely moveable (instructional)

A

synovial joints

63
Q

the articular surfaces are essentially flat, and only short slipping or gliding movements are allowed. EX: carpals

A

plane joint

64
Q

the cylindrical end of one bone fits into a trough-shaped surface on another bone. EX: humerus

A

Hinge joint

65
Q

the rounded end of one bone fits into a sleeve or ring of bone (and possibly ligaments) EX: ulna to radius

A

pivot joint

66
Q

(knuckle-like) the egg-shaped articular surface of one bone fits into an oval concavity in another
EX: metacarpals to phalanges

A

condyloid joint

67
Q

each articular surface has both convex and concave areas, like a saddle. EX: carpals to metacarpals

A

saddle joints

68
Q

the spherical head of one bone fits into a round socket in another. EX: head of humerus to scapula

A

ball-and-socket joint

69
Q

bone thinning disease, makes bones fragile and can easily fracture, vertebral collapse results in Kyphosis (dowager’s hump)

A

osteoporosis

70
Q

bone breaks into many fragments

A

comminuted

71
Q

bone is crushed

A

compression

72
Q

broken bone portion is pressed inward

A

depression

73
Q

broken bone ends are forced into each other

A

impacted

74
Q

ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone

A

spiral

75
Q

bone breaks in completely, much in the way green twig breaks

A

greenstick

12 grade (20 decks)

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