Anatomy Ch 3 test review

Question 1

-diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
-water moves down its concentration gradient

Answer 1

Osmosis

Question 2

-transport of too large of molecules that can;t go through membrane pores
-protein channels are used

Answer 2

facilitated diffusion

Question 3

types of active transport

Answer 3

exocytosis, endocytosis, protein pumps

Question 4

substances are moved across the membrane “in bulk” without actually crossing the plasma membrane

Answer 4

vesicular transport

Question 5

types of endocytosis

Answer 5

• phagocytosis- “cell eating”
  -pinocytosis- “cell drinking”
  -receptor- medicated endocytosis

Question 6

-move materials across the cell surface, hairlike structure
-located in the respiratory system to move mucus

Answer 6

Cillia

Question 7

propels the cell
-only one on the human body in sperm

Answer 7

Flagella

Question 8

tiny, finger line extensions of the plasma membrane
-increases surface area for absorption

Answer 8

Microvilli

Question 9

types of connective tissue (most rigid to softest)

Answer 9

• bone
  -cartilage
  -dense connective tissue
  -loose connective tissue
  -blood

Question 10

-control center, contains DNA

Answer 10

Nucleus

Question 11

three regions of Nucleus

Answer 11

nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin

Question 12

layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell

Answer 12

nuclear envelope

Question 13

found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes

Answer 13

Nucleolus

Question 14

loosely wound
-composed of DNA wound around histones
-condense to form chromosomes

Answer 14

Chromatin

Question 15

tightly wound

Answer 15

histones

Question 16

a jellylike fluid outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane

Answer 16

cytoplasm

Question 17

3 major parts of cytoplasm

Answer 17

cytosol, incisions, organelles

Question 18

fluid portion of cytoplasm, suspension other elements

Answer 18

cytosol

Question 19

chemical substances such as stored nutrients or cell products that float in the cytosol

Answer 19

inclusions

Question 20

a tiny cell structure that carriers out a specific function within the cell

Answer 20

organelles

Question 21

makes proteins

Answer 21

ribosomes

Question 22

fluid-filled tunnels that carry substances within the cell
Rough ER- makes proteins, lots of ribosomes
smooth ER- has no ribosomes

Answer 22

Endoplasmic reticulummo

Question 23

modifies and packages proteins

Answer 23

Golgi apparatus

Question 24

containing digestive enzymes

Answer 24

lysosomes

Question 25

produce hydrogen peroxide; detoxify harmful substances

Answer 25

peroxisomes

Question 26

network of protein filaments within the cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement

Answer 26

cytoskeleton

Question 27

generate microtubules

Answer 27

centrioles

Question 28

cells that connect body parts

Answer 28

fibroblasts and erythrocyte

Question 29

cells that cover and line body organs

Answer 29

epithelial cells

Question 30

cells that move organs and body parts

Answer 30

skeletal muscle and smooth muscle cells

Question 31

cells that store nutrients

Answer 31

fat cells

Question 32

cells that fight disease

Answer 32

white blood cells (macrophage)

Question 33

cells that gather information and controls body functions

Answer 33

nerve cells (neurons)

Question 34

a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

Answer 34

solution

Question 35

between cells

Answer 35

intercellular

Question 36

functions of epithelial tissue

Answer 36

protection, secretion, absorption, filtration

Question 37

functions of connective tissue

Answer 37

- protection (bone) - support (ligaments, bones) -cushioning (adipose tissue ) (cartilage ) -insulating (adipose tissue)

Question 38

connect muscle to bone

Answer 38

tendons

Question 39

connect bone to bone

Answer 39

ligaments

Question 40

events of tissue repair

Answer 40

-inflammation -granulation tissue forms -regeneration or fibrosis

Question 41

capillaries become very permeable closets walls off injured area

Answer 41

inflammation

Question 42

growth of new capillaries, rebuild collagen fibers

Answer 42

granulation

Question 43

placement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells poor regeneration: skeletal muscle Good regeneration: skin, connective tissue, bones

Answer 43

regeneration

Question 44

replacement of damaged cells with scar tissue EX: cardiac muscle, nervous tissue with brain and spinal cord

Answer 44

fibrosis

Question 45

when the concentration of two solutions is the same

Answer 45

isotonic

Question 46

when the comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes

Answer 46

hypertonic

Question 47

when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes

Answer 47

hypotonic

Question 48

layer between epithelium and underlying connective tissue

Answer 48

basement membrane

Question 49

what are the four primary types of tissues?

Answer 49

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

Question 50

flattened, like fish scales

Answer 50

squamous cell

Question 51

difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another

Answer 51

concentration gradient

Question 52

-unassisted movement of solutes -solutes are small enough to pass through membrane pores

Answer 52

simple diffusion

Question 53

release os substances out of a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane

Answer 53

exocytosis

Question 54

process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane

Answer 54

endocytosis

Question 55

-two layers of phospholipid arranged "tail to tail" -cholesterol and protein scattered among -sugar groups may attach -selectively permeable hydrophilic heads (water loving) hydrophobic tails (water fearing)

Answer 55

Plasma membrane (phospholipid bilayer)

Question 56

powerhouse of the cell

Answer 56

mitochondria

Question 57

a substance that is dissolved in a solution (salt)

Answer 57

solute

Question 58

the substance in which the solute dissolves (water)

Answer 58

solvent

Question 59

fluid within cells (inside)

Answer 59

intracellular fluid

Question 60

fluid outside the cell

Answer 60

extracellular fluid

Question 61

most cells are composed of 4 elements. what are they?

Answer 61

carbon, hydrogen oxygen, nitrogen

Question 62

what are the 3 parts of a cell?

Answer 62

plasma membrane (phospholipid bilayer), nucleus, cytoplasm

Question 63

cube-shaped, like dice (square)

Answer 63

cuboidal cell

Question 64

shaped like columns (taller than cuboidal)

Answer 64

columnar cell

Question 65

one layer

Answer 65

simple layer

Question 66

more than one layer

Answer 66

stratified layer

Question 67

single layer, but some cells are shorter than other giving a false (pseudo) impression of stratification

Answer 67

pseudostratified

Question 68

what are the three types of muscle tissue?

Answer 68

skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

Question 69

--attached to the skeleton and pull on bones or skin --voluntary controlled --produces large boy movements or facial expression --has striations (stripes) --more than one nucleus --long, cylindrical shape

Answer 69

skeletal muscle

Question 70

--found only in the heart --voluntarily controlled (can control a little) --produces blood through blood vessels --has striations --one nucleus --short, branching cells

Answer 70

cardiac muscle

Question 71

--one inside many internal organs, create movement for them --involuntary controlled --peristalsis ( wave-like motion) is typical --more visible striations one nucleus --spindle-shaped cells

Answer 71

smooth muscle

Question 72

what are the two basic methods of transport?

Answer 72

passive and active

Question 73

substances are transported across the membrane without any input from the cell -high to low, can do on its own

Answer 73

passive transport

Question 74

the cell provides energy (ATP) to drive the transport process - low to high, needs energy

Answer 74

active transport

Question 75

types of passive transport

Answer 75

facilitated diffusion, simple diffusion, osmosis

Question 76

movement of molecules from high concentration to loss concentration

Answer 76

diffusion