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12 grade > Anatomy Ch 3 test review > Flashcards

Anatomy Ch 3 test review Flashcards

1
Q

-diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
-water moves down its concentration gradient

A

Osmosis

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2
Q

-transport of too large of molecules that can;t go through membrane pores
-protein channels are used

A

facilitated diffusion

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3
Q

types of active transport

A

exocytosis, endocytosis, protein pumps

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4
Q

substances are moved across the membrane “in bulk” without actually crossing the plasma membrane

A

vesicular transport

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5
Q

types of endocytosis

A
  • phagocytosis- “cell eating”
    -pinocytosis- “cell drinking”
    -receptor- medicated endocytosis
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6
Q

-move materials across the cell surface, hairlike structure
-located in the respiratory system to move mucus

A

Cillia

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7
Q

propels the cell
-only one on the human body in sperm

A

Flagella

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8
Q

tiny, finger line extensions of the plasma membrane
-increases surface area for absorption

A

Microvilli

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9
Q

types of connective tissue (most rigid to softest)

A
  • bone
    -cartilage
    -dense connective tissue
    -loose connective tissue
    -blood
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10
Q

-control center, contains DNA

A

Nucleus

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11
Q

three regions of Nucleus

A

nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin

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12
Q

layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell

A

nuclear envelope

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13
Q

found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes

A

Nucleolus

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14
Q

loosely wound
-composed of DNA wound around histones
-condense to form chromosomes

A

Chromatin

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15
Q

tightly wound

A

histones

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16
Q

a jellylike fluid outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane

A

cytoplasm

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17
Q

3 major parts of cytoplasm

A

cytosol, incisions, organelles

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18
Q

fluid portion of cytoplasm, suspension other elements

A

cytosol

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19
Q

chemical substances such as stored nutrients or cell products that float in the cytosol

A

inclusions

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20
Q

a tiny cell structure that carriers out a specific function within the cell

A

organelles

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21
Q

makes proteins

A

ribosomes

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22
Q

fluid-filled tunnels that carry substances within the cell
Rough ER- makes proteins, lots of ribosomes
smooth ER- has no ribosomes

A

Endoplasmic reticulummo

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23
Q

modifies and packages proteins

A

Golgi apparatus

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24
Q

containing digestive enzymes

A

lysosomes

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25
Q

produce hydrogen peroxide; detoxify harmful substances

A

peroxisomes

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26
Q

network of protein filaments within the cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement

A

cytoskeleton

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27
Q

generate microtubules

A

centrioles

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28
Q

cells that connect body parts

A

fibroblasts and erythrocyte

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29
Q

cells that cover and line body organs

A

epithelial cells

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30
Q

cells that move organs and body parts

A

skeletal muscle and smooth muscle cells

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31
Q

cells that store nutrients

A

fat cells

32
Q

cells that fight disease

A

white blood cells (macrophage)

33
Q

cells that gather information and controls body functions

A

nerve cells (neurons)

34
Q

a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

A

solution

35
Q

between cells

A

intercellular

36
Q

functions of epithelial tissue

A

protection, secretion, absorption, filtration

37
Q

functions of connective tissue

A
  • protection (bone)
  • support (ligaments, bones)
    -cushioning (adipose tissue ) (cartilage )
    -insulating (adipose tissue)
38
Q

connect muscle to bone

A

tendons

39
Q

connect bone to bone

A

ligaments

40
Q

events of tissue repair

A

-inflammation
-granulation tissue forms
-regeneration or fibrosis

41
Q

capillaries become very permeable
closets walls off injured area

A

inflammation

42
Q

growth of new capillaries, rebuild collagen fibers

A

granulation

43
Q

placement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells
poor regeneration: skeletal muscle
Good regeneration: skin, connective tissue, bones

A

regeneration

44
Q

replacement of damaged cells with scar tissue
EX: cardiac muscle, nervous tissue with brain and spinal cord

A

fibrosis

45
Q

when the concentration of two solutions is the same

A

isotonic

46
Q

when the comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes

A

hypertonic

47
Q

when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes

A

hypotonic

48
Q

layer between epithelium and underlying connective tissue

A

basement membrane

49
Q

what are the four primary types of tissues?

A

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

50
Q

flattened, like fish scales

A

squamous cell

51
Q

difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another

A

concentration gradient

52
Q

-unassisted movement of solutes
-solutes are small enough to pass through membrane pores

A

simple diffusion

53
Q

release os substances out of a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane

A

exocytosis

54
Q

process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane

A

endocytosis

55
Q

-two layers of phospholipid arranged “tail to tail”
-cholesterol and protein scattered among
-sugar groups may attach
-selectively permeable
hydrophilic heads (water loving)
hydrophobic tails (water fearing)

A

Plasma membrane
(phospholipid bilayer)

56
Q

powerhouse of the cell

A

mitochondria

57
Q

a substance that is dissolved in a solution (salt)

A

solute

58
Q

the substance in which the solute dissolves (water)

A

solvent

59
Q

fluid within cells (inside)

A

intracellular fluid

60
Q

fluid outside the cell

A

extracellular fluid

61
Q

most cells are composed of 4 elements. what are they?

A

carbon, hydrogen oxygen, nitrogen

62
Q

what are the 3 parts of a cell?

A

plasma membrane (phospholipid bilayer), nucleus, cytoplasm

63
Q

cube-shaped, like dice (square)

A

cuboidal cell

64
Q

shaped like columns (taller than cuboidal)

A

columnar cell

65
Q

one layer

A

simple layer

66
Q

more than one layer

A

stratified layer

67
Q

single layer, but some cells are shorter than other giving a false (pseudo) impression of stratification

A

pseudostratified

68
Q

what are the three types of muscle tissue?

A

skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

69
Q

–attached to the skeleton and pull on bones or skin
–voluntary controlled
–produces large boy movements or facial expression
–has striations (stripes)
–more than one nucleus
–long, cylindrical shape

A

skeletal muscle

70
Q

–found only in the heart
–voluntarily controlled (can control a little)
–produces blood through blood vessels
–has striations
–one nucleus
–short, branching cells

A

cardiac muscle

71
Q

–one inside many internal organs, create movement for them
–involuntary controlled
–peristalsis ( wave-like motion) is typical
–more visible striations
one nucleus
–spindle-shaped cells

A

smooth muscle

72
Q

what are the two basic methods of transport?

A

passive and active

73
Q

substances are transported across the membrane without any input from the cell
-high to low, can do on its own

A

passive transport

74
Q

the cell provides energy (ATP) to drive the transport process
- low to high, needs energy

A

active transport

75
Q

types of passive transport

A

facilitated diffusion, simple diffusion, osmosis

76
Q

movement of molecules from high concentration to loss concentration

A

diffusion

12 grade (20 decks)

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