Anatomy #3 Flashcards
What does Atlanto-Occipital Joint articulate?
Superior articular facets on the lateral masses of C1 articulate with the occipital condyles of the skull.
What type of joint is Atlanto-Occipital joint?
Synovial conyloid
What are the available movements of Atlanto-occiptial joint?
Flexion of the head
Extension of head on neck
What acts like a ligament and prevents Excessive extension and flexion of the head and neck?
Atlanto-Occipital membrane
What does Atlanto-Axial joint articulate?
The articular facet for the dens of C1 articulates with the dens (anterior) of C2
What rotates on top of the Atlanto-axial joint?
C1
What kind of joint is the Atlanto-Axial Joint?
Synovial Pivot
What are the available movements of the atlanto-axial joint?
Rotation
What does the transverse ligament of the atlas do?
Holds the dens of C2 against the anterior arch of C1
Where do the bands travel of the cruciate/cruciform ligament?
Bands travel from transverse ligament superiorly to the occipital bone and inferiorly to the body of C2
Where do the Alar ligaments attach to?
Dens to the lateral margins of foramen magnum
Where do the Apical ligaments attach to?
Dens to anterior margin of foramen magnum.
Where does the posterior longitudinal Ligament travel?
travel/ is anchored to the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies and IVD’s from Sacrum to C2.
What does the posterior longitudinal ligament check?
Checks hyperflexion of the spine
What does the posterior longitudinal ligament prevent?
Prevents posterior protrusion of the IVD
What is the superior portion of the posterior longitudinal ligament known as?
Tectorial Membrane.
Where does the anterior longitudinal ligament travel?
Travel/ is anchored to the anterior aspect of the vertebral bodies and the IVD’s from the sacrum to occiput.
What does the anterior longitudinal ligament check?
It checks hyperextension of the spine.
What does the anterior longitudinal ligament stabilize?
Stabilizes the intervertebral joints
What kind of joints are facet joints?
Synovial Plane
What is the orientation of the cervical facet joints?
Oblique
What is the orientation of the facet joints in the thoracic column of the spine?
More in the frontal plane
What is the orientation of the facet joints in the lumber column?
more in the sagittal plane
What are the available movements of the facet joints?
Flexion
Extension
rotation
Lateral flexion
What are some factors affecting the range of motion in the facet joints?
Size/shape of IVD’s
angle of the facet joints
Laxity of ligaments/ joint capsule
What does ligamenta flava connect?
Lamina to Lamina from sacrum up to C1
What does ligament flava help the spine with?
Helps preserve natural curves of the spine and return to normal position after flexion
Where are the interspinous ligaments?
They are between Spinous processes
What do interspinous ligaments and supraspinous ligaments limit?
they limit flexion
Where are the Supraspinous ligaments?
Posterioly along the tips of the Spinous processes from C7 to the sacrum
Where is the ligament Ligamentum nuchae?
From C7 to the back of the skull
The thickening of interspinous ligaments and supraspinous ligaments is known as what?
Ligamentum nuchae
What does the Sternoclavicular joint articulate with?
Clavicle articulates with the manubrium and costal cartilage of the 1st rib.
What kind of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
Synovial Saddle
In the sternoclavicular joint what are the joint surfaces separated by?
They are separated by fibrocartilagenous articular disc
What bone does the sternoclavicular joint absorb the force for?
Clavicle
What are the available movements of the sternoclavicular joint?
Elevation/ Depression
Protraction/ retraction
rotation
What does the costaclavicular ligament attach to?
First rib to sternal end of clavicle
What does the costaclavicular joint check?
Checks all movement of the clavicle except any movement inferior
What does the Interclavicular ligament connect?
Connects the 2 SC joints across the manubrium
What does the anterior/posterior sternoclavicular ligament connect?
Clavicle to the sternum
What does the manubriosternal joint articulate?
Manubrium articulates with the body of the sternum
Does manubriosternal joint have any movement?
Some during respiration
What does the Xiphisternal joint articulate?
Body of the sternum articulates with xiphoid process
When does the xiphisternal joint fuse with the sternum?
At the age of 40
Where are the chondrosternal joints located?
cartilages of first 7 ribs and costal notches on lateral border of sternum.
Out of the Chrondrosternal joints which ones are cartilaginous and which ones are synovial?
Rib 1 and manubrium: cartilaginous
Ribs 2-7: synovial
What are the ligaments that go over the chrondrosternal joints?
Radiate sternocostal ligaments
What does the costochondral joints connect?
Lateral end of each costal cartilage fits into a cup shaped anterior end of its associated rib
What kind of joint is costochondral and what is it bound together by?
Cartilaginous
Supported/ bound together by periosteum
What does the interchondral joints articulate?
The articulations into rib 7 from the ribs that do not directly articulate with the sternum
What does the costovertebral joint articulate?
the head of the rib articulates with the facets on the side of the vertebral body
What kind of joint is costovertebral joint?
Plane synovial
What ligament covers the costovertebral joints?
Radiate Ligament
What is being held within the radiate ligament?
head of the rib to the 2 vertebral bodies and a disc in between
What muscle are within the superficial layer of the back?
Trapezius/ Latissimus dorsi / levator scapula / rhomboid major and minor
What are the two muscle in the intermediate layer of the back?
Serratus posterior superior
Serratus posterior inferior
What are the muscles of the intermediate layer of the back accessory to?
Respiration
How many layers of deep muscle is there?
3
What is serratus posterior superior deep to?
deep to rhomboids
What is superficial to posterior superior?
erector spinae
What is the action of Serratus posterior superior
elevates ribs 2-5
What are the attachments of serratus posterior superior?
Medial attachments: SP’s of C7 - T3
Lateral attachment: Superior borders of ribs 2-5
What is serratus poster inferior deep to?
Deep to latissimus dorsi / thoracolumbar fascia
What is serratus posterior inferior superficial to?
erector spinae
What is the action of serratus posterior inferior?
Draws ribs down and back (sneezing)
What are the attachments of serratus posterior inferior?
medial attachment: SP’s of T11-L2
Lateral attachment: Lower 4 ribs
What are the two muscles that are in the deep superficial layer of muscle?
Splenius capitis
splenius cervicis
What are the attachments of splenius capitis?
Inferior attachment? SPs of C4-T2
Superior Attachment: mastoid process and ;ateral superior nuchal line
What are the attachments of splenius cervicis?
Inferior attachment: SPs of T3-T5
Superior attachments: C1- C4 TVPs (posterior tubercles)
What are the movements of spenius capitis?
Unilateral contraction: ipsilateral rotation
Bilateral contraction: extension of the neck and head
What are the movements of spenius cervicis?
unilateral contraction: Ipsilateral rotation
bilateral contraction: extentsion of the neck
Where is the spinalis muscle located?
Sits in the laminar groove beside the spinous processes
What does the spinalis attach to?
attaches to the spinous processes of thoracic/ cervicis / capitis
Where does Longissimus attach to?
attaches to the TVPs of the thoracis / Cervicis / Capitis (mastoid process)
Where does the iliocostalis attach to?
attaches to the angles of the rib
Lumborum (angle of ribs 8-12)
thoracic (angle of ribs 1-7)
Cervicis (TVP’s of C3-6)
What is the action of the erector spinae muscles?
Unilateral: Lateral flexion of the vertebral column
Bilateral: Extension of the vertebral column
Name the erector spinae muscles from Lateral to medial?
Iliocostalis muscle
Longissimus Muscle
Spinalis Muscle
What vertebrae does the semispinalis muscles skip?
Skips 3-6
What does the semispinalis muscle attach to superiorly?
Attaches superiorly to the occipital bone between the superior and inferior nuchal lines
What are the actions of semispinalis?
Bilateral: Extension of the head and neck
unilateral contralateral rotation of the neck
What is unique about the multifidus muscle?
Only muscle that runs along the posterior sacrum
What Vertebrae does Multifidus muscle skip?
1-3 vertebral
Where does multifidus attach?
S4-C2
What are the actions of multifidus?
Bilateral: extension of the spine, stabilization
Unilateral: lateral flexion, contralateral rotation
What is the deepest muscle in the laminar groove?
Rotatores
How many vertebra does rotatore longus skip?
Skip 1 vertebra
Where does rotatore brevis attach to?
attaches to next highest vertebra
What are the actions of the rotatores?
bilateral: stabilization
unilateral: contralateral rotation
Where are the interspinales muscles?
Paired muscles on either side of cervical and lumbar SP’s
What is the interspinales actions?
Extension
What does the intertransversarii muscle attach?
Attach TVP’s of adjacent vertebrae of cervical and lumbar spine
What action is the intertransversarii muscle capable of?
Lateral flexion
What four muscles are deep to semispinalis capitis?
Rectus Capitis posterior major
Rectus capitis posterior minor
obliquus capitis inferior
Obliquus capitis superior
What are the attachments of Rectus Capitis posterior major?
Inferior attachment: SP of C2
Superior attachment: Inferior nuchal line
What are the actions of Rectus Capitis posterior major?
Unilateral contraction: isplateral rotation of the head
Bilateral Contraction: extend the head on the neck
What are the attachments of Rectus Capitis posterior minor?
Inferior Attachment: Posterior arch of C1 (Posterior tubercle)
Superior attachment: inferior nuchal line
What are the actions of Rectus Capitis posterior minor?
Extend the head on the neck
What are the attachments of obliquus capitis inferior?
Inferior Attachment: SP of C2
Superior Attachment: TVP of C1
What are the actions of obliquus capitis inferior?
Unilateral contraction: isplateral rotation of the head
What are the attachments of obliquus capitis superior?
Inferior Attachment: TVP of C1
Superior attachment: between superior and inferior nuchal lines
What is the action of obliquus capitis superior?
Unilateral contraction: lateral flexion of the head on the neck
bilateral contraction: extend the head on the neck
What is the inferolateral border of the suboccipital triangle?
obliquus capitis inferior
What is the Superolateral border of the suboccipital triangle?
obliquus capitis superior
What is the Superomedial border of the suboccipital triangle?
Rectus capitis posterior major
What is at the floor of the suboccipital triangle?
Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
What is the roof of the suboccipital triangle?
Semispinalis m
What are the contents of the suboccipital triangle?
Vertebral artery
suboccipital nerve
What are the attachments of rectus capitis anterior?
Inferior Attachment: Lateral Mass of C1
Superior attachment: Occiput
What are the actions of rectus capitis anterior?
Flexes head on the neck
What are the attachment points of rectus capitis lateralis?
Inferior Attachment: TVP of C1
Superior attachment: occiput
What are the actions of capitis lateralis?
flexes head on the neck
laterally flexes head on neck
What are the attachments of longus colli?
Inferior attachment: body of T3
Superior attachment: anterior tubercle of C1
What are the available movements of longus colli?
Flexion of the neck
What is the Aka for longus colli?
Longus cervicis
What are the attachments of Longus capitis?
Inferior attachment: TVPs of C3-6
Superior attachment: Occiput
What are the actions of longus capitis?
Flexion of the head and neck
What are the attachments of the anterior scalene?
Superior attachment: anterior tubercles of C3-6 TVPs
Inferior Attachment: Rib 1 (scalene tubercle)
What are the actions of the anterior scalenes?
Bilateral contraction: flexion of the neck
Unilateral contraction: Ipsilateral lateral flexion of the neck
Elevates the 1st rib during forced inhalation
Unilateral contraction: contralateral rotation of the neck
What are the attachment points of the middle scalene?
Superior attachment: posterior tubercles of C2-7
Inferior attachment: Rib 1 (posterior to the subclavian artery)
What are the actions of the middle scalene?
Unilateral contraction: Ipsilateral flexion
elevates 1st rib during forced inhalation
unilateral contraction: contralateral rotation of the neck
What are the attachments of the posterior scalene?
Superior attachment: Posterior tubercles of C4-6 tvpS
Inferior attachment: rib 2
What are the actions of the posterior scalene?
Unilateral contraction: ipsilateral lateral flexion
elevates ribs 2 during forced inhalation
