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TERM 2 > Anatomy #3 > Flashcards

Anatomy #3 Flashcards

1
Q

What does Atlanto-Occipital Joint articulate?

A

Superior articular facets on the lateral masses of C1 articulate with the occipital condyles of the skull.

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2
Q

What type of joint is Atlanto-Occipital joint?

A

Synovial conyloid

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3
Q

What are the available movements of Atlanto-occiptial joint?

A

Flexion of the head

Extension of head on neck

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4
Q

What acts like a ligament and prevents Excessive extension and flexion of the head and neck?

A

Atlanto-Occipital membrane

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5
Q

What does Atlanto-Axial joint articulate?

A

The articular facet for the dens of C1 articulates with the dens (anterior) of C2

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6
Q

What rotates on top of the Atlanto-axial joint?

A

C1

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7
Q

What kind of joint is the Atlanto-Axial Joint?

A

Synovial Pivot

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8
Q

What are the available movements of the atlanto-axial joint?

A

Rotation

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9
Q

What does the transverse ligament of the atlas do?

A

Holds the dens of C2 against the anterior arch of C1

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10
Q

Where do the bands travel of the cruciate/cruciform ligament?

A

Bands travel from transverse ligament superiorly to the occipital bone and inferiorly to the body of C2

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11
Q

Where do the Alar ligaments attach to?

A

Dens to the lateral margins of foramen magnum

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12
Q

Where do the Apical ligaments attach to?

A

Dens to anterior margin of foramen magnum.

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13
Q

Where does the posterior longitudinal Ligament travel?

A

travel/ is anchored to the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies and IVD’s from Sacrum to C2.

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14
Q

What does the posterior longitudinal ligament check?

A

Checks hyperflexion of the spine

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15
Q

What does the posterior longitudinal ligament prevent?

A

Prevents posterior protrusion of the IVD

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16
Q

What is the superior portion of the posterior longitudinal ligament known as?

A

Tectorial Membrane.

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17
Q

Where does the anterior longitudinal ligament travel?

A

Travel/ is anchored to the anterior aspect of the vertebral bodies and the IVD’s from the sacrum to occiput.

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18
Q

What does the anterior longitudinal ligament check?

A

It checks hyperextension of the spine.

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19
Q

What does the anterior longitudinal ligament stabilize?

A

Stabilizes the intervertebral joints

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20
Q

What kind of joints are facet joints?

A

Synovial Plane

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21
Q

What is the orientation of the cervical facet joints?

A

Oblique

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22
Q

What is the orientation of the facet joints in the thoracic column of the spine?

A

More in the frontal plane

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23
Q

What is the orientation of the facet joints in the lumber column?

A

more in the sagittal plane

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24
Q

What are the available movements of the facet joints?

A

Flexion
Extension
rotation
Lateral flexion

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25
Q

What are some factors affecting the range of motion in the facet joints?

A

Size/shape of IVD’s
angle of the facet joints
Laxity of ligaments/ joint capsule

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26
Q

What does ligamenta flava connect?

A

Lamina to Lamina from sacrum up to C1

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27
Q

What does ligament flava help the spine with?

A

Helps preserve natural curves of the spine and return to normal position after flexion

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28
Q

Where are the interspinous ligaments?

A

They are between Spinous processes

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29
Q

What do interspinous ligaments and supraspinous ligaments limit?

A

they limit flexion

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30
Q

Where are the Supraspinous ligaments?

A

Posterioly along the tips of the Spinous processes from C7 to the sacrum

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31
Q

Where is the ligament Ligamentum nuchae?

A

From C7 to the back of the skull

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32
Q

The thickening of interspinous ligaments and supraspinous ligaments is known as what?

A

Ligamentum nuchae

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33
Q

What does the Sternoclavicular joint articulate with?

A

Clavicle articulates with the manubrium and costal cartilage of the 1st rib.

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34
Q

What kind of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Synovial Saddle

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35
Q

In the sternoclavicular joint what are the joint surfaces separated by?

A

They are separated by fibrocartilagenous articular disc

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36
Q

What bone does the sternoclavicular joint absorb the force for?

A

Clavicle

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37
Q

What are the available movements of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Elevation/ Depression
Protraction/ retraction
rotation

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38
Q

What does the costaclavicular ligament attach to?

A

First rib to sternal end of clavicle

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39
Q

What does the costaclavicular joint check?

A

Checks all movement of the clavicle except any movement inferior

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40
Q

What does the Interclavicular ligament connect?

A

Connects the 2 SC joints across the manubrium

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41
Q

What does the anterior/posterior sternoclavicular ligament connect?

A

Clavicle to the sternum

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42
Q

What does the manubriosternal joint articulate?

A

Manubrium articulates with the body of the sternum

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43
Q

Does manubriosternal joint have any movement?

A

Some during respiration

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44
Q

What does the Xiphisternal joint articulate?

A

Body of the sternum articulates with xiphoid process

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45
Q

When does the xiphisternal joint fuse with the sternum?

A

At the age of 40

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46
Q

Where are the chondrosternal joints located?

A

cartilages of first 7 ribs and costal notches on lateral border of sternum.

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47
Q

Out of the Chrondrosternal joints which ones are cartilaginous and which ones are synovial?

A

Rib 1 and manubrium: cartilaginous

Ribs 2-7: synovial

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48
Q

What are the ligaments that go over the chrondrosternal joints?

A

Radiate sternocostal ligaments

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49
Q

What does the costochondral joints connect?

A

Lateral end of each costal cartilage fits into a cup shaped anterior end of its associated rib

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50
Q

What kind of joint is costochondral and what is it bound together by?

A

Cartilaginous

Supported/ bound together by periosteum

51
Q

What does the interchondral joints articulate?

A

The articulations into rib 7 from the ribs that do not directly articulate with the sternum

52
Q

What does the costovertebral joint articulate?

A

the head of the rib articulates with the facets on the side of the vertebral body

53
Q

What kind of joint is costovertebral joint?

A

Plane synovial

54
Q

What ligament covers the costovertebral joints?

A

Radiate Ligament

55
Q

What is being held within the radiate ligament?

A

head of the rib to the 2 vertebral bodies and a disc in between

56
Q

What muscle are within the superficial layer of the back?

A

Trapezius/ Latissimus dorsi / levator scapula / rhomboid major and minor

57
Q

What are the two muscle in the intermediate layer of the back?

A

Serratus posterior superior

Serratus posterior inferior

58
Q

What are the muscles of the intermediate layer of the back accessory to?

A

Respiration

59
Q

How many layers of deep muscle is there?

A

3

60
Q

What is serratus posterior superior deep to?

A

deep to rhomboids

61
Q

What is superficial to posterior superior?

A

erector spinae

62
Q

What is the action of Serratus posterior superior

A

elevates ribs 2-5

63
Q

What are the attachments of serratus posterior superior?

A

Medial attachments: SP’s of C7 - T3

Lateral attachment: Superior borders of ribs 2-5

64
Q

What is serratus poster inferior deep to?

A

Deep to latissimus dorsi / thoracolumbar fascia

65
Q

What is serratus posterior inferior superficial to?

A

erector spinae

66
Q

What is the action of serratus posterior inferior?

A

Draws ribs down and back (sneezing)

67
Q

What are the attachments of serratus posterior inferior?

A

medial attachment: SP’s of T11-L2

Lateral attachment: Lower 4 ribs

68
Q

What are the two muscles that are in the deep superficial layer of muscle?

A

Splenius capitis

splenius cervicis

69
Q

What are the attachments of splenius capitis?

A

Inferior attachment? SPs of C4-T2

Superior Attachment: mastoid process and ;ateral superior nuchal line

70
Q

What are the attachments of splenius cervicis?

A

Inferior attachment: SPs of T3-T5

Superior attachments: C1- C4 TVPs (posterior tubercles)

71
Q

What are the movements of spenius capitis?

A

Unilateral contraction: ipsilateral rotation

Bilateral contraction: extension of the neck and head

72
Q

What are the movements of spenius cervicis?

A

unilateral contraction: Ipsilateral rotation

bilateral contraction: extentsion of the neck

73
Q

Where is the spinalis muscle located?

A

Sits in the laminar groove beside the spinous processes

74
Q

What does the spinalis attach to?

A

attaches to the spinous processes of thoracic/ cervicis / capitis

75
Q

Where does Longissimus attach to?

A

attaches to the TVPs of the thoracis / Cervicis / Capitis (mastoid process)

76
Q

Where does the iliocostalis attach to?

A

attaches to the angles of the rib
Lumborum (angle of ribs 8-12)
thoracic (angle of ribs 1-7)
Cervicis (TVP’s of C3-6)

77
Q

What is the action of the erector spinae muscles?

A

Unilateral: Lateral flexion of the vertebral column
Bilateral: Extension of the vertebral column

78
Q

Name the erector spinae muscles from Lateral to medial?

A

Iliocostalis muscle
Longissimus Muscle
Spinalis Muscle

79
Q

What vertebrae does the semispinalis muscles skip?

A

Skips 3-6

80
Q

What does the semispinalis muscle attach to superiorly?

A

Attaches superiorly to the occipital bone between the superior and inferior nuchal lines

81
Q

What are the actions of semispinalis?

A

Bilateral: Extension of the head and neck

unilateral contralateral rotation of the neck

82
Q

What is unique about the multifidus muscle?

A

Only muscle that runs along the posterior sacrum

83
Q

What Vertebrae does Multifidus muscle skip?

A

1-3 vertebral

84
Q

Where does multifidus attach?

A

S4-C2

85
Q

What are the actions of multifidus?

A

Bilateral: extension of the spine, stabilization
Unilateral: lateral flexion, contralateral rotation

86
Q

What is the deepest muscle in the laminar groove?

A

Rotatores

87
Q

How many vertebra does rotatore longus skip?

A

Skip 1 vertebra

88
Q

Where does rotatore brevis attach to?

A

attaches to next highest vertebra

89
Q

What are the actions of the rotatores?

A

bilateral: stabilization
unilateral: contralateral rotation

90
Q

Where are the interspinales muscles?

A

Paired muscles on either side of cervical and lumbar SP’s

91
Q

What is the interspinales actions?

A

Extension

92
Q

What does the intertransversarii muscle attach?

A

Attach TVP’s of adjacent vertebrae of cervical and lumbar spine

93
Q

What action is the intertransversarii muscle capable of?

A

Lateral flexion

94
Q

What four muscles are deep to semispinalis capitis?

A

Rectus Capitis posterior major
Rectus capitis posterior minor
obliquus capitis inferior
Obliquus capitis superior

95
Q

What are the attachments of Rectus Capitis posterior major?

A

Inferior attachment: SP of C2

Superior attachment: Inferior nuchal line

96
Q

What are the actions of Rectus Capitis posterior major?

A

Unilateral contraction: isplateral rotation of the head

Bilateral Contraction: extend the head on the neck

97
Q

What are the attachments of Rectus Capitis posterior minor?

A

Inferior Attachment: Posterior arch of C1 (Posterior tubercle)
Superior attachment: inferior nuchal line

98
Q

What are the actions of Rectus Capitis posterior minor?

A

Extend the head on the neck

99
Q

What are the attachments of obliquus capitis inferior?

A

Inferior Attachment: SP of C2

Superior Attachment: TVP of C1

100
Q

What are the actions of obliquus capitis inferior?

A

Unilateral contraction: isplateral rotation of the head

101
Q

What are the attachments of obliquus capitis superior?

A

Inferior Attachment: TVP of C1

Superior attachment: between superior and inferior nuchal lines

102
Q

What is the action of obliquus capitis superior?

A

Unilateral contraction: lateral flexion of the head on the neck
bilateral contraction: extend the head on the neck

103
Q

What is the inferolateral border of the suboccipital triangle?

A

obliquus capitis inferior

104
Q

What is the Superolateral border of the suboccipital triangle?

A

obliquus capitis superior

105
Q

What is the Superomedial border of the suboccipital triangle?

A

Rectus capitis posterior major

106
Q

What is at the floor of the suboccipital triangle?

A

Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane

107
Q

What is the roof of the suboccipital triangle?

A

Semispinalis m

108
Q

What are the contents of the suboccipital triangle?

A

Vertebral artery

suboccipital nerve

109
Q

What are the attachments of rectus capitis anterior?

A

Inferior Attachment: Lateral Mass of C1

Superior attachment: Occiput

110
Q

What are the actions of rectus capitis anterior?

A

Flexes head on the neck

111
Q

What are the attachment points of rectus capitis lateralis?

A

Inferior Attachment: TVP of C1

Superior attachment: occiput

112
Q

What are the actions of capitis lateralis?

A

flexes head on the neck

laterally flexes head on neck

113
Q

What are the attachments of longus colli?

A

Inferior attachment: body of T3

Superior attachment: anterior tubercle of C1

114
Q

What are the available movements of longus colli?

A

Flexion of the neck

115
Q

What is the Aka for longus colli?

A

Longus cervicis

116
Q

What are the attachments of Longus capitis?

A

Inferior attachment: TVPs of C3-6

Superior attachment: Occiput

117
Q

What are the actions of longus capitis?

A

Flexion of the head and neck

118
Q

What are the attachments of the anterior scalene?

A

Superior attachment: anterior tubercles of C3-6 TVPs

Inferior Attachment: Rib 1 (scalene tubercle)

119
Q

What are the actions of the anterior scalenes?

A

Bilateral contraction: flexion of the neck
Unilateral contraction: Ipsilateral lateral flexion of the neck
Elevates the 1st rib during forced inhalation
Unilateral contraction: contralateral rotation of the neck

120
Q

What are the attachment points of the middle scalene?

A

Superior attachment: posterior tubercles of C2-7

Inferior attachment: Rib 1 (posterior to the subclavian artery)

121
Q

What are the actions of the middle scalene?

A

Unilateral contraction: Ipsilateral flexion
elevates 1st rib during forced inhalation
unilateral contraction: contralateral rotation of the neck

122
Q

What are the attachments of the posterior scalene?

A

Superior attachment: Posterior tubercles of C4-6 tvpS

Inferior attachment: rib 2

123
Q

What are the actions of the posterior scalene?

A

Unilateral contraction: ipsilateral lateral flexion

elevates ribs 2 during forced inhalation

TERM 2 (12 decks)

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