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TERM 2 > Anatomy #1 > Flashcards

Anatomy #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Out the 33 Vertebrae how many are movable?

A

24

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2
Q

From top to bottom list the divisions of vertebra and how many vertebra contained in each division

A 
Cervical Spine: 7 Vertebrae
Thoracic Spine: 12 Vertebrae
Lumbar Spine: 5 Vertebrae
Sacrum: 5 fused Vertebrae (Don't Move)
Coccyx: 4 fused vertebrae (Don't Move)
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3
Q

What Lie between the vertebrae and what is it called?

A

fibrocartilagenous discs called intervertebral discs

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4
Q

What is the key function of the intervertebral discs?

A

Weight bearing

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5
Q

Between which two vertebrae of the spine is there no intervertebral disc?

A

C1-C2

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6
Q

Fibrous outer layer of the intervertebral disc is know as?

A

Annulus Fibrosis

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7
Q

The inner substance of an intervertebral disc is know as?

A

Nucleus pulposus

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8
Q

Which divisions of the spine have Lordotic curvature?

A

Cervical/ Lumbar

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9
Q

Lordotic in greek means?

A

Curving forward

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10
Q

Which divisions of the spine have Kyphotic curvature?

A

Thoracic/ Sacral

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11
Q

What divisions of the spines curvature are considered primary and why are they considered primary?

A

Thoracic and Sacral

Because they develop in feudal stage

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12
Q

What divisions of the spine curvature are considered secondary and when do these curvatures develop?

A

Cervical and Lumbar

Begins developing when lifting head

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13
Q

Where is the body of the vertebra located?

A

anterior part of the vertebra.

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14
Q

Do vertebral bodies get larger or smaller as you progress inferiorly?

A

Larger

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15
Q

What encloses the vertebral foramen?

A

Vertebral Arch

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16
Q

What makes up the Vertebral Arch?

A

Arch is formed anteriorly by 2 pedicles which project posteriorly from both sides of the superior part of the vertebral body. As the pedicles project posteriorly they meet two laminae. The laminae meet posteriorly to form a spinous process.

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17
Q

What are other process that arise from the vertebral arch?

A

Four Articular Processes. There are superior and Inferior articular processes on the right and on the left

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18
Q

What is located on the four articular process of a vertebra?

A

Articular facets

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19
Q

What do the inferior facets of a vertebra articulate with?

A

The Inferior Facets of one vertebra articulate with the superior facets of another vertebra.

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20
Q

What is the aka for the joint that articulates the inferior facets of one vertebra to the superiors facets of another vertebra?

A

zygapophysial joints

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21
Q

What is the area between the superior and inferior articular processes?

A

Pars interarticularis

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22
Q

What is the most common fracture sight of the spine?

A

Pars interarticularis

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23
Q

What are the processes called that project laterally from the vertebral arch?

A

Transverse process

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24
Q

Which Foramen allows for the passage of the spinal nerves?

A

Intervertebral Foramen

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25
Q

What forms the intervertebral foramen?

A

There are notches on the pedicles (superior and inferior vertebral notches) - the vertebral notches of 2 adjacent vertebrae form an almost complete ring called the intervertebral foramen.

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26
Q

How is the cervical spine divided up into lower and upper? and which division is considered atypical of a normal vertebrae?

A

Upper cervical: C1, C2 (Atypical)

Lower Cervical: C3-C7

27
Q

What is C1 vertebra designed for?

A

It is designed to support the occipital region of the skull

28
Q 
On page 19 of neter locate:
- Anterior Arch
- Articular facets for dens
-2 Lateral Masses
- Superior Articular surface
- Transverse Foramens
-Groove for vertebral artery 
-Posterior Arch
-Vertebral foramen
-tubercle for transverse ligament of atlas
Inferior Articular surface
A

See Neter

29
Q

What are TVPs?

A

Projections from the lateral masses of cervical 1

30
Q

What does the transverse foramen allow the passage of?

A

Vertebral Artery

31
Q

What does the transverse ligament of atlas of cervical 1 connect? What does is divide? What is located in each division made by the transverse ligament of atlas?

A

It connects the 2 lateral masses and divides the vertebral foramen into a posterior portion for passage of the spinal cord and an anterior portion which accommodates the dens of the axis

32
Q

What does C1 not have that regular vertebra would have?

A

No Vertebral Body

No Spinous process

33
Q

Bony Landmarks to know on the Cervical 2:

  • dens
  • Anterior articular facet
  • TVP
  • Inferior articular facet for C3
  • Superior articular facet for atlas
  • Posterior Articular facet
  • spinous process
A

See page 19

34
Q

What Cervical vertebrae are bifid and what does bifid mean?

A

C2-C6

- Splits off (helps to increase range of extension)

35
Q

What vertebrae fall under the division of lower cervical spine?

A

C3-C7

36
Q

Locate the following bony landmarks of a vertebrae in the lower cervical spine:

  • lamina
  • vertebral foramen
  • pedicles
  • Transverse process
  • body
  • Transverse foramen
  • Inferior/ superior processes and facets
  • uncinate process
A

Page 20-21

37
Q

In the lower cervical spine which vertebrae has a groove for the spinal nerve?

A

C4

38
Q

On the vertebrae C6 what is the anterior tubercle called?

A

Carotid tubercle

39
Q

What artery passes through the carotid tubercle of the C6 cervical spine?

A

Carotid artery

40
Q

Explain what the unconvertebral joints are? and what is its aka?

A

Uncinate process is an upward bony projection on the posterolateral rims of the vertebral body, these bony projections articulate with the next higher vertebra, these are what are known as unconvertebral joints.
AKA Joints of Lushka

41
Q

In the lower cervical spine what makes up the transverse process?

A

the anterior and posterior tubercles are connected by a small strut of bone to form the TVP

42
Q

Which vertebra in the cervical spine has an area for articulation with uncinate process?

A

C4

43
Q

What is the landmark for L4 of the Lumbar spine?

A

a horizontal line drawn between the tops of the iliac crests

44
Q

What is the largest vertebra of the back?

A

L5

45
Q

How many fused vertebrae does the sacrum and coccyx have?

A

5 fused vertebra

46
Q

What is the articulation between L5 and the sacrum? and what sits in between?

A
  • Lumbosacral articular surface

- disc

47
Q

Locate the following on the sacrum and coccyx:

  • superior articular processes
  • ala or wings of the sacrum
  • promontory
  • anterior sacral foramina
  • apex
  • sacral canal
  • sacral hiatus
  • posterior sacral foramina
  • sacral cornu
  • median sacral crest
  • lateral sacral crest
  • auricular surface
A

Page 157

48
Q

What is the shape of the pelvic and dorsal surface of the sacrum?

A

Pelvic: concave
Dorsal: convex

49
Q

What is located at the bottom of the sacral canal?

A

Sacral hiatus

50
Q

What is the sacral canal an extension of?

A

the vertebral canal

51
Q

The prominent point on anterior base of the sacrum is known as?

A

promontory

52
Q

What runs through the anterior sacral foramina?

A

The ventral division of the sacral nerves

53
Q

What runs through the posterior sacral foramina?

A

Dorsal division of sacral nerves

54
Q

What is located just outside of the sacral hiatus in which barrier for nerves to pass?

A

sacral cornu

55
Q

What are the attachment points of the iliolumbar ligament?

A

Transverse process of L4 and L5 to posterior iliac crest.

56
Q

What ligament is the key stabilizer of L5?

A

Iliolumbar ligament

57
Q

What movement does the iliolumbar ligament limit?

A

Lateral flexion of the spine

58
Q

What ligaments are accessory ligaments to the sacroiliac joint?

A

Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligament

59
Q

What does the lumbosacral joint articulate with?

A

L5 of the lumbar spine articulates S1 of the sacral spine

60
Q

What does the sacrococcygeal joint articulate with?

A

Apex of the sacrum articulates with the base of the coccyx

61
Q

What does the sacroiliac joint articulate with?

A

Auricular surface of the sacrum articulates with auricular surface of the ilium

62
Q

What does the anterior/posterior sacroiliac ligaments attach?

A

ilium to sacrum

63
Q

Where does the interosseous sacroiliac ligaments lie?

A

just anterior or deep to the posterior sacroiliac ligaments

TERM 2 (12 decks)

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