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Anaphy > ANAPHY FINALS URINARY > Flashcards

ANAPHY FINALS URINARY Flashcards

1
Q

Paired, retroperitoneal organs located on either side of the vertebral column

A

Kidneys

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2
Q

Left kidney sits slightly___ than right because it
is displaced by the liver

A

lower

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3
Q

The kidneys are protected by (3)

A

Protected by muscle, adipose, and ribs

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4
Q

Adrenal glands located on _____ (The Kidneys)

A

superior margin

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5
Q

maintains shape of kidney

A

Fibrous capsule

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6
Q

absorbs shock and provides
protection

A

Perinephric fat

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7
Q

anchors kidneys to posterior abdominal wall

A

Renal fascia

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8
Q

covers deeper renal medulla

A

Superficial renal cortex

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9
Q

Renal medulla includes (2)

A

the renal pyramids and the renal
columns

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10
Q

separate renal pyramids of medulla
• Also divide kidney into 6 to 8 renal lobes

A

Renal columns

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11
Q

This divide kidney into 6 to 8 renal lobes

A

Renal columns

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12
Q

drain urine into minor calyces

A

Renal papillae

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13
Q

Minor calyces merge to form____

A

major calyces

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14
Q

Major calyces merge to form____

A

renal pelvis

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15
Q

Located on medial side of each kidney

A

Renal Hilum

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16
Q

Entry and exit site for structures that supply kidney (5)

A

• Renal artery
• Renal vein
• Renal nerve
• Ureter
• Lymphatics

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17
Q

functional unit of kidney

A

Nephron

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18
Q

renal, segmental, interlobar,
arcuate, interlobular

A

Arteries

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19
Q

afferent arterioles, glomeruli, efferent arterioles, peritubular capillaries

A

Nephron

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20
Q

interlobular, arcuate, interlobar, renal

A

Veins

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21
Q

This deliver blood to nephron

A

Afferent arterioles

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22
Q

Within nephron, ______ filter blood
• Fenestrated capillaries

A

glomerular capillaries

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23
Q

Bloods exits via _____

A

efferent arterioles

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24
Q

This accomplish exchange of nutrients and wastes

A

Peritubular capillaries

25
Q

This drains peritubular capillaries

A

Vasa recta

26
Q

Functional units of the kidney that make urine

A

Nephron

27
Q

Two components of nephrons

A
  1. Renal corpuscle
    • Composed of glomerulus and glomerular capsule
  2. Tubular system
    • Proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule, collecting ducts
28
Q

Responsible for filtration of blood and Forms filtrate

A

Renal corpuscle

29
Q

Renal corpuscle is composed of

A

• Glomerulus
• Glomerular capsule

30
Q

A fenestrated capillary

A

Glomerulus

31
Q

Limits filtration of blood cells, platelets and large plasma proteins

A

Filtration membrane

32
Q

Filtration membrane is composed of

A

• Fenestrated endothelium of glomerulus
• Basement membrane
• Filtration slits formed by pedicels of podocytes

33
Q

Refines filtrate into urine

A

Tubular system

34
Q

Actively secretes and reabsorbs solutes

A

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

35
Q

• Divided into descending limb and ascending limb
• Each limb has unique permeability for solute and water

A

Nephron loop

36
Q

• Farther away from renal corpuscle
• Reabsorbs and secretes fewer solutes and less water

A

Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

37
Q

• Not part of nephron but can influence solute and water reabsorption
• Usually occurs under hormonal influences
• DCTs of several nephrons empty into the same collecting duct

A

Collecting ducts

38
Q

Membrane proteins that allow water through

A

Aquaporins

39
Q

Contains majority of nephron
structures
• Glomeruli/renal corpuscles
• Most proximal and distal convoluted tubules

A

Renal cortex

40
Q

Contains parts of nephron loops and collecting ducts

A

Renal medulla

41
Q

are the majority of the nephrons in the kidney (85%)

A

Cortical nephrons

42
Q

(15%) have renal
corpuscles closer to medulla

A

Juxtamedullary nephrons

43
Q

Urine flows from kidneys to:

A

• Ureters

• Urinary bladder

• Urethra

44
Q

Exit kidneys and transport urine to urinary bladder

A

Ureters

45
Q

Temporarily stores urine

A

Urinary bladder

46
Q

Allows urine to exit body

A

Urethra

47
Q

Shorter urethra increases risk of

A

cystitis (urinary tract infection)

48
Q

(Men) located superior to prostate gland

A

Urinary bladder

49
Q

Proper term for urination

A

Micturition reflex

50
Q

Urine ph range

A

4.5-8.0

51
Q

Not found in urine

A

Glucose, blood, and protein

52
Q

a test that evaluates materials found in urine

A

Urinalysis

53
Q

usually indicates damage to filtration membrane

A

Protein

54
Q

usually indicates diabetic condition

A

Glucose

55
Q

indicates structural damage to urinary tract

A

Blood

56
Q

indicates urinary tract infection

A

Leukocytes

57
Q

indicates urinary tract infection

A

Leukocytes

58
Q

indicates body is using fat as energy source

A

Ketones

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