ANAPHY FINALS URINARY Flashcards
Paired, retroperitoneal organs located on either side of the vertebral column
Kidneys
Left kidney sits slightly___ than right because it
is displaced by the liver
lower
The kidneys are protected by (3)
Protected by muscle, adipose, and ribs
Adrenal glands located on _____ (The Kidneys)
superior margin
maintains shape of kidney
Fibrous capsule
absorbs shock and provides
protection
Perinephric fat
anchors kidneys to posterior abdominal wall
Renal fascia
covers deeper renal medulla
Superficial renal cortex
Renal medulla includes (2)
the renal pyramids and the renal
columns
separate renal pyramids of medulla
• Also divide kidney into 6 to 8 renal lobes
Renal columns
This divide kidney into 6 to 8 renal lobes
Renal columns
drain urine into minor calyces
Renal papillae
Minor calyces merge to form____
major calyces
Major calyces merge to form____
renal pelvis
Located on medial side of each kidney
Renal Hilum
Entry and exit site for structures that supply kidney (5)
• Renal artery
• Renal vein
• Renal nerve
• Ureter
• Lymphatics
functional unit of kidney
Nephron
renal, segmental, interlobar,
arcuate, interlobular
Arteries
afferent arterioles, glomeruli, efferent arterioles, peritubular capillaries
Nephron
interlobular, arcuate, interlobar, renal
Veins
This deliver blood to nephron
Afferent arterioles
Within nephron, ______ filter blood
• Fenestrated capillaries
glomerular capillaries
Bloods exits via _____
efferent arterioles
This accomplish exchange of nutrients and wastes
Peritubular capillaries
This drains peritubular capillaries
Vasa recta
Functional units of the kidney that make urine
Nephron
Two components of nephrons
- Renal corpuscle
• Composed of glomerulus and glomerular capsule - Tubular system
• Proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule, collecting ducts
Responsible for filtration of blood and Forms filtrate
Renal corpuscle
Renal corpuscle is composed of
• Glomerulus
• Glomerular capsule
A fenestrated capillary
Glomerulus
Limits filtration of blood cells, platelets and large plasma proteins
Filtration membrane
Filtration membrane is composed of
• Fenestrated endothelium of glomerulus
• Basement membrane
• Filtration slits formed by pedicels of podocytes
Refines filtrate into urine
Tubular system
Actively secretes and reabsorbs solutes
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
• Divided into descending limb and ascending limb
• Each limb has unique permeability for solute and water
Nephron loop
• Farther away from renal corpuscle
• Reabsorbs and secretes fewer solutes and less water
Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
• Not part of nephron but can influence solute and water reabsorption
• Usually occurs under hormonal influences
• DCTs of several nephrons empty into the same collecting duct
Collecting ducts
Membrane proteins that allow water through
Aquaporins
Contains majority of nephron
structures
• Glomeruli/renal corpuscles
• Most proximal and distal convoluted tubules
Renal cortex
Contains parts of nephron loops and collecting ducts
Renal medulla
are the majority of the nephrons in the kidney (85%)
Cortical nephrons
(15%) have renal
corpuscles closer to medulla
Juxtamedullary nephrons
Urine flows from kidneys to:
• Ureters
• Urinary bladder
• Urethra
Exit kidneys and transport urine to urinary bladder
Ureters
Temporarily stores urine
Urinary bladder
Allows urine to exit body
Urethra
Shorter urethra increases risk of
cystitis (urinary tract infection)
(Men) located superior to prostate gland
Urinary bladder
Proper term for urination
Micturition reflex
Urine ph range
4.5-8.0
Not found in urine
Glucose, blood, and protein
a test that evaluates materials found in urine
Urinalysis
usually indicates damage to filtration membrane
Protein
usually indicates diabetic condition
Glucose
indicates structural damage to urinary tract
Blood
indicates urinary tract infection
Leukocytes
indicates urinary tract infection
Leukocytes
indicates body is using fat as energy source
Ketones
