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Anaphy > ANAPHY FINALS BLOOD VESSELS > Flashcards

ANAPHY FINALS BLOOD VESSELS Flashcards

1
Q

Blood moves through the body by ___ through blood vessels

A

bulk flow

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2
Q

Flow is proportional to a ____ that must overcome resistance

A

pressure gradient

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3
Q

carry blood away from the heart and
branch to form other vessels

A

Arteries

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4
Q

Capillary exchange with tissues occurs primarily via ___

A

diffusion

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5
Q

___ carries blood throughout body to supply oxygen and nutrients to tissues

A

Systemic circuit

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6
Q

____ carries blood to the lung for gas exchange

A

Pulmonary circuit

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7
Q

Arteries branch to form—

A

arterioles

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8
Q

are the sites of exchange

A

Capillaries

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9
Q

(Circulation pathways) this carries blood back toward heart

A

Venules and veins

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10
Q

Blood vessels share same general characteristics with—

They vary in structure

A

Arteries and veins

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11
Q

hollow space blood flows through

A

Lumen

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12
Q

Why do Arteries and arterioles have smaller lumen and thicker walls

A

To withstand higher pressures

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13
Q

have thinner walls and larger lumen

A

Venules and veins

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14
Q

__ travels throughout body in blood vessels

A

Blood

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15
Q

Travels from areas of higher to lower pressure

A

Blood

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16
Q

Blood vessel walls are made of layers called tunics. Name the three.

A
  1. Tunica intima
  2. Tunica media
  3. Tunica externa
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17
Q

innermost layer
• Composed of endothelium and basement membrane
• Larger arteries contain internal elastic membrane (lamina)
• Additional layer of elastic fibers
• Provides additional elasticity to larger arteries
• Not found in veins

A

Tunica Intima (interna)

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18
Q

Damage to endothelium exposes collagen fibers, leading to

A

Clot formation

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19
Q

Endothelial cells release ___ to regulate vasoconstriction

A

Endothelins

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20
Q

middle layer • Mainly smooth muscle
▪ Nervi vasorum regulates contraction and relaxation of muscle
• Leads to vasoconstriction and vasodilation
• Primarily sympathetic innervation except for external genitalia
• Thicker tunica media in arteries than veins
• Larger arteries contain external elastic membrane (lamina)
• Provides additional elasticity in arteries • Not seen in smaller arteries or veins

A

Tunica media

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21
Q

outermost tunic
• Composed mainly of collagen and elastic fibers
• Maintains shape and structure of vessel
• Thicker in arteries than in veins
• Larger arteries and veins are supplied by vasa vasorum
• Vessels that exchange nutrients and wastes for the wall

A

Tunica externa

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22
Q

higher percentage of elastic fibers
• Help propel blood during ventricular diastole

A

Elastic arteries

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23
Q

higher percentage of smooth
muscle
• Aid in controlling distribution of blood

A

Muscular arteries

24
Q

Microscopic arteries that lead to capillaries
• All three tunics are very thin
• Smooth muscle slightly contracted to maintain vascular tone
• Site of greatest resistance to blood flow
• Able to regulate blood pressure and distribution of blood flow

A

Arterioles

25
Q

Used for exchange of substances between blood and
tissues

A

Thin walled vessels

26
Q

Three types of capillaries

A

A. Continuous capillaries
B. Fenestrated capillaries
C. Sinusoid(al) capillaries

27
Q

most common type
• Complete endothelial lining
• Allows exchange of water, gases, and small molecules

A

Continuous capillaries

28
Q

contain pores in endothelial lining
• Found in small intestine and kidneys
• Allow greater exchange of fluid and larger molecules

A

Fenestrated capillaries

29
Q

least common
• Large gaps in endothelium and basement membrane
• Found in liver, spleen, and red bone marrow
• Allow exchange of plasma proteins and cells

A

Sinusoid(al) capillaries

30
Q

____ regulate flow of blood into capillary beds using precapillary sphincters
• Located at openings of capillary beds from metarteriole

A

Metarterioles

31
Q

contract to limit blood flow through capillary

A

Sphincters

32
Q

Extremely small veins
• Merge to form veins

A

Venules

33
Q

Blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart • Thinner walls than arteries
• Larger lumens
• Low pressure vessels
• Contain valves to prevent backflow
• Function as blood reservoirs due to larger lumen
• Venoconstriction speeds up venous return to heart

A

Veins

34
Q

Typical pattern of blood flow is:

A

Artery, arteriole, capillary bed, venule, then vein

35
Q

Variations to blood flow pathways

A

Arterial anastomosis

Venous anastomosis

Portal system

36
Q

multiple arteries supply a common capillary bed
▪ Provides alternate routes for arterial blood to reach tissue

A

Arterial anastomosis

37
Q

venules split and contribute to multiple veins

A

Venous anastomosis

38
Q

links two capillary beds between the artery and vein
▪ Artery, arteriole, capillary bed, connecting vessel, capillary bed, venule, vein

A

Portal system

39
Q

the movement of blood through the body

A

Blood flow

40
Q

Flow rate is influenced by

A

pressure gradient

41
Q

The greater the ____ , the higher the blood pressure must be to maintain flow
▪ The greater the _____ , the greater the flow rate

A

Resistance ; pressure gradient

42
Q

Flow rate is opposed by

A

resistance

43
Q

Arterial Blood Pressure (APR) Measured using a _____ at the brachial artery

A

sphygmomanometer

44
Q

Which is systolic and diastolic? 120/80 mm Hg

A

The top—120 is the systolic
The bottom—80 is the diastolic

45
Q

difference between systolic and diastolic pressures

A

Pulse pressure (PP)

46
Q

“average” pressure arteries experience

A

Mean arterial pressure (MAP)

47
Q

Homeostatic range for MAP is

A

70 – 110 mm Hg

48
Q

Low MAP can lead to ____ due to poor blood flow

A

ischemia

49
Q

may lead to hypoxia and tissue death

A

Ischemia

50
Q

The expansion and recoil of arteries as blood flows through them

A

Pulse

51
Q

Common pulse points are the: (3)

A

radial artery (wrist),
common carotid artery (neck),
and dorsalis pedis artery (foot)

52
Q

Factors that influence pressure or resistance will affect flow

A

• Cardiac output
• Blood volume
• Vessel compliance
• Viscosity of blood

53
Q

amount of blood ejected from each ventricle per minute

A

Cardiac output (CO)

54
Q

amount of blood within vascular system

A

Blood volume

55
Q

This equation relates resistance to blood flow

A

Poiseuille’s equation

Anaphy (9 decks)

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