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Anaphy > ANAPHY FINALS BLOOD > Flashcards

ANAPHY FINALS BLOOD Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of blood?

A

Transportation
Defense
Maintenance of Homeostasis

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2
Q

Components of whole blood can be separated by a—

A

Centrifuge

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3
Q

Liquid extracellular matrix

A

Plasma

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4
Q

Cellular components of whole blood

A

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets (cytoplasmic fragments, not entire cell)

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5
Q

Most common formed element and transport gases in blood

A

Erythrocytes

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6
Q

The shape of erythrocyte and its purpose

A

Biconcave disc shape
- it increases surface area for gas exchange

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7
Q

It has few organelles and no nucleus ; contains hemoglobin to transport gases

A

Erythrocytes

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8
Q

What are the classification of leukocytes?

A

Granular and Agranular leukocytes

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9
Q

Have granules that can be seen. Cite examples.

A

Granular leukocytes
Neutrophils (bacterial)
Eosinophils (parasitic/allergic)
Basophils (allergic)

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10
Q

Have granules but cannot be easily seen. Cite examples.

A

Agranular Leukocyte
Lymphocyte (viral)
Monocyte (viral/fungal)

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11
Q

Most common leukocyte (40-60%)

A

Neutrophils

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12
Q

Neutrophil is characterized by (3)

A

1.Faint purple granules
2. Nucleus has two to five lobes
3. Phagocytic cells

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13
Q

(2-4% of leukocyte count)

A

Eosinophil

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14
Q

Eosinophil is characterized by (2)

A

1.Bright pink to red granules
2. Nucleus has two to three lobes

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15
Q

Least common leukocyte (less than 1% of leukocyte count)

A

Basophil

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16
Q

Basophil is characterized by (3)

A
  1. Dark blue granules
  2. Nucleus with two lobes
  3. Granules release histamine
17
Q

Second most common leukocyte (20-30%)

A

Lymphocyte

18
Q

Lymphocyte is characterized by (1)
Cite examples (3)

A

Large nucleus with a thin rim of cytoplasm

Three groups are:
B lymphocytes
T lymphocytes
Natural killer cells

19
Q

Large, with a horseshoe-shaped nucleus
Phagocytes
Mature into macrophages
(Fixed vs wandering macrophages)

A

Monocyte

20
Q

Process of producing formed elements and begins in red bone marrow

A

Hematopoiesis

21
Q

Can differentiate into any formed elements

But differentiate into ___ or ___ stem cells first

A

Hematopoietic stem cells

Lymphoid or Myeloid

22
Q

Differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells is driven by—

A

Chemical growth factors

23
Q

Promotes erythrocyte production called erythropoiesis

A

Erythropoietin

24
Q

Thrombopoietin promotes development of

A

Megakaryocytes and platelets

25
Q

Chemical signals released from a variety of tissues and stimulates production of various leukocytes as necessary

A

Cytokines

26
Q

Molecules or groups of molecules the body does not recognize as “self”
• Trigger an immune response
• Found on surface of red blood cells
• Basis for blood types
• Can also cause transfusion reactions when incompatible blood types are mixed

A

Antigens

27
Q

Blood types are determined based on the antigens present on the surface of—

A

RBC

28
Q

The three antigens commonly used are

A

• Antigen A
• Antigen B
• Antigen D (Rh factor)
• Negative or positive blood type

29
Q

Proteins that are made by the immune system
• Designed to bind to foreign antigens the body doesn’t recognize
• Forms antigen-antibody complexes
• Antigen-antibody complexes can initiate transfusion reactions • Cells agglutinate in response
• “Stick together”

A

Antibodies

30
Q

Occurs when incompatible blood types are mixed
• Cells clump together

A

Transfusion reactions

31
Q

______ of red blood cells can overload kidneys and can lead to kidney failure

A

Hemolysis

32
Q

ABO Blood groups

A

Based on presence or absence of A antigen and B antigen
• Type A—A antigen only
• Type B—B antigen only
• Type AB—A and B antigens
• Type O—neither antigen

33
Q

_____ produced against antigen(s) not present on a person’s red blood cells

A

Antibodies

34
Q

Is either present or absent

A

Rhesus antigen (Rh)

35
Q

• Can possibly occur when a Rh– mother is pregnant with an Rh+ fetus
• Rare in first pregnancy, but complications may arise with second pregnancy
• During first delivery, mother may be exposed to Rh antigen during birth
• Anti-Rh antibodies will be produced in between pregnancies
• If the second fetus is also Rh+, the antibodies the mother made will cross placenta and cause hemolysis

A

Hemolytic Disease of a Newborn (HDN)

Anaphy (9 decks)

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