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Anaphy > ANAPHY FINALS ANS > Flashcards

ANAPHY FINALS ANS Flashcards

1
Q

Causes contraction of skeletal muscles
Voluntary

A

Somatic Nervous System

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2
Q

Controls cardiac and smooth muscle and glands
Involuntary
Helps maintain homeostasis

A

Autonomic Nervous System

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3
Q

What does ANS primarily innervates?

A

Internal organs

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4
Q

Two divisions of Ans

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System

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5
Q

What type of innervation that most organs receive from both divisions?

A

Dual innervation

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6
Q

What does the Sympathetic Division of the Autonomic Nervous System do?

A

It responds to a threat to our homeostasis or stress and enables survival
-increases oxygen delivered to our skeletal muscles
-increases sweating
-blood is shifted away from the digestive system and toward the skeletal muscle
-pupils dilate
-brain becomes alert

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7
Q

What does the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system do?

A

Active when body is not stressed or under a threat
“Rest and digest”
-lacrimation
-salivation
-digestion
-urination
-defecation
-sexual arousal

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8
Q

What are the synapses of ANS?

A

Cholinergic
Adrenergic

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9
Q

What is the cholinergic synapse?

A

Acetylcholine (ACh) is a nerotransmitter released

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10
Q

What is the adrenergic synapse?

A

Norepinephrine

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11
Q

Types of Cholinergic Receptors

A

Nicotinic and Muscarinic

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12
Q

Endogenous ligand- acetylcholine
Exogenous ligand- nicotine
Chemically gated ion channel

A

Nicotinic

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13
Q

Endogenous ligand-acetylcholine
Exogenous ligand-muscarine
Trigger changes in cell without allowing ions to pass through membrane

A

Muscarinic

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14
Q

It depolarizes postsynaptic cell; causes contraction or a new action potential

A

Nicotinic

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15
Q

It can have excitatory effects or inhibitory effects ; it is not an ion channel so does not directly affect membrane potential

A

Muscarinic

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16
Q

It is located in the adrenal medulla, all skeletal neuromuscular junctions, postganglionic neurons throughout the ANS, some CNS synapse

A

Nicotinic

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17
Q

It is located at all target tissues of the parasympathetic nervous system

A

Muscarinic

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18
Q

Types of adrenergic receptors

A

Alpha and Beta receptors

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19
Q

Located in skin, GI and pelvic organs, and blood vessels
Causes contraction of smooth muscles

A

a1

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20
Q

Found in pancreas, platelets, brain, and spinal cord
-ihibit insulin release
-promote blood clot

A

a2

21
Q

Found in heart and kidney
- increase heart rate, force of contraction, and secretion of renin

A

b1

22
Q

Found in blood vessels, lungs, uterus, stomach, and small intestines
- cause relaxation of smooth muscles

A

b2

23
Q

Found in adipose tissue
-breakdown of lipids

A

b3

24
Q

Used at cholinergic synapses

A

Acetylcholine

25
Q

Used at adrenergic synapses

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

26
Q

Helps maintain internal homeostasis

A

Autonomic Reflexes

27
Q

Why is autonomic reflex important? It maintains parameters like?

A

Blood Pressure
Heart rate
Airway diameter
Digestive activity

28
Q

Autonomic reflex arcs are similar to

A

Somatic reflex arcs

29
Q

_____ are smooth in cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands

A

Effectors

30
Q

What are the structure of reflexes?

A

Afferent branch
Efferent branch

31
Q

Afferent branch

A

Single neuron

32
Q

Sensory info comes from _____, ______, and ________

A

Somatic, special senses, and viscera

33
Q

Some _____ sensations are not consciously perceived

A

Visceral

34
Q

Efferent branch

A

Two neurons

35
Q

Preganglionic neurons synapses with _____ in a ganglion

A

Postganglionic neurons

36
Q

Projects to target tissue

A

Postganglionic neuron

37
Q

Combinations of sympathetic and parasympathetic axons

A

Autonomic plexuses

38
Q

Types of autonomic plexus

A

Cardiac
Pulmonary
Esophageal
Abdominal aortic

39
Q

Subdivisions in autonomic plexus (abdominal aorta)

A

Celiac, inferior mesenteric, superior mesenteric, and hypogastric plexus

40
Q

These 3 receive only sympathetic innervation

A

Blood vessels, sweat glands, arrector pili muscles

41
Q

Lower heart rate, increased GI activity, pupil dilation, airway constriction, decrease breathing rate

A

Parasympathetic dominance

42
Q

Increased heart rate, decreased GI activity, pupil constriction, airway dilation, increased breathing rate

A

Sympathetic dominance

43
Q

Balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic dominance when an organ is at rest

A

Autonomic Tone

44
Q

Dominates the heart at rest
-lowers heart rate to normal range

A

Parasympathetic tone

45
Q

Dominates blood vessels at rest
-adjusts constriction of vessels to maintain blood pressure

A

Sympathetic tone

46
Q

______ helps body response to stress

A

Autonomic Nervous System

47
Q

The aim is to increase nutrients in blood and deliver more blood to head and muscles

A

ANS

48
Q

Stress response results in:

A
  1. Lipid breakdown and increased blood glucose
  2. Airway dilation for increased oxygen in blood
  3. Increased blood flow to skeletal muscles ; decreased blood flow to viscera
  4. Higher blood pressure to increase speed of delivery to brain and muscles
49
Q

It helps in stress

A

Endocrine hormones

Anaphy (9 decks)

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