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SM > Anaerobes > Flashcards

Anaerobes Flashcards

1
Q

Clues to an anaerobic infection

A 
Odor
proximity to mucous membranes
secondary to animal/human bite
gas production
growth in anaerobic media
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2
Q

Anaerobic GPC

A

Peptostreptococcus/ Peptoniphilus
Ruminococcus
Sarcina

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3
Q

Anaerobic GNC

A

Veillonella

Megashera

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4
Q

Anaerobic GNB

A

Bacteroides
Prevotella
Fusobacterium

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5
Q

Non-Spore Forming Anaerobic GPB

A

Actinomyces
Lactobacillus
Propionibacterium
Bifidobacterium

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6
Q

Spore-Forming Anaerobic GPB

A

Clostridium (has spores and flagella, from water/soil)

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7
Q

Peptostreptococcus

A 
GPC PR/CH
Cat-
Susceptible to Vano
Resistant to Kanamycin
Resistant to Colistin
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8
Q

Veillonella

A

GNC

non-pathogenic, normal flora

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9
Q

Bacteroides fragilis

A

GNB
NON MOTILE
Indigenous to the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract
More resistant and other anaerobes
Penicillin resistant strains (beta lac producer), report with beta lac testing

Bile+
Esculin +
CAT +
Indole -

Resistant to Vanco, Kanamycin, and Colistin

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10
Q

Prevotella melaninogenica

A 
(used to be Bacteroides)
Short GNB
slow grower
black/brown pigment
NG on BBE
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11
Q

Fusobacterium

A 
GNB
Cat-
NG on BBE
Bile -
Esculin -

Fusobacterium nucleatum = Lipase - , long spindle shaped
Fusobacterium necrophorum = round ends, Lipse +

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12
Q

Clostridium perfringens

A 
Gas Gangrene (myonecrosis): liquefaction of muscle with gas formation and signs of toxicity.
Intestinal distress
ID: boxcar (blunt ends), double beta zone, spore former
Lecithinase +
Lipase -
Litmus Milk +
reverse CAMP +
Nagler RXN +

Produces exotoxins
Alpha Toxin = lecithin in cell membrane that destroys host cell
TX: Pen/Tetra

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13
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Botulism
Life threatening neuroparalytic disease caused by heat-labile protein toxin
EXOTOXIN
“Tennis Racket” sub terminal spores

Lechitinase -
Lipase +
subterminal spores

Disease:
Food borne: home-canned goods -> nausea, vomit, paralysis, respiratory failure; neurotoxin binds to synapse and blocks acetylcholine
Wound: from soil containing spores
Infant: Ingestion of spores (honey); SIDS; “floppy baby”

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14
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

Tetanus
Toxin is absorbed from localized infection
Neurotoxin inhibits release of acetycholine
spastic contractions of voluntary muscles

ID: “drum stick” terminal spore, swarming growth,

Lecithinase -
Lipase -

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15
Q

Anaerobe fluorescence

A

Use long-wave (366 nm) UV light

Organisms Color of fluorescence
Porphyromonas asaccharolitica -Brick red
Porphyromonas endodontalis- Brick red
Pigmented Prevotella spp.- Brick red
Veillonella spp.- Red
Eubacterium lentum -Red
Clostridium difficile -Chartreuse
Clostridium innocuum -Chartreuse
Fusobacterium spp.- Chartreuse
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16
Q

Egg Yolk Agar

A

Lecithinase:
Positive = milky white halo around colony (B.cereus, B.athracis C.perfringens)
Negative = No halo around colony (C.difficile, other Clostridium, B. fragilis)

Lipase:
Positive= iridescent sheen (mother-of-pearl) on colony and surrounding media (Fusobacterium necrophorum)
Negative = No iridescent sheen (C. perfringens, B. fragilis)

17
Q

obligate anaerobe

A

will not grow in presence of oxygen (C. botulinum)

18
Q

microaerophlic

A

can grow scantily in presence of oxygen (streptococcus)

19
Q

facultative anaerobe

A

able to grow in presence or absence of oxygen (e.coli)

20
Q

microaerotolerant

A

does not require oxygen for growth but also not killed by limited exposure to room air (PSA)

21
Q

Potency disks

A

Gram Positive: Vancomycin S, Colistin R
Gram Negative: Vancomycin R

Exception: Porphyromonas spp. – Vanco S

22
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

antibiotic associated diarrhea
pseudomembranous colitis

Lecithinase -
Subterminal spores
Yellow colony on CCFA agar

23
Q

Clostridium septicum

A

Lecithinase -
Lipase -
sub terminal spores
“medusa head” colonies

24
Q

Actinomyces

A 
branching GPB
Molar tooth colonies
Cat-
Indole -
"lumpy jaw"
25
Q

Propionibacterium

A

cat+
GPB

acne, endocarditis, bacteremia

26
Q

Bifidobacterium

A

dog-bone shaped
cat -
Indole -

normal oral/intestinal flora
rarely a pathogen

SM (16 decks)

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