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SM > AFB > Flashcards

AFB Flashcards

1
Q

Liquifcation

A

Step #1

NALC

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2
Q

Decontamination

A

Step #2

NaOH and Oxalic acid

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3
Q

Neautralization

A

Step #3

Buffer or Water

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4
Q

Centrifugation

A

Step #4

3000g x 15-20 minutes

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5
Q

Acid Fast

A

Org is surrounded by mycolic acid layer (hydrocarbons and wax)
Gram Stain does not penetrate wax = ACID FAST

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6
Q

Carbol Fuschion

A

Zich-Neelson: hot (heat removes wax)

Kinyoun: cold (pheynol removes wax)

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7
Q

Runyoun Group I

A

Photochromogens
Yellow pigment when exposed to light
(M. kanasii, M. marinum, M. simiae)

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8
Q

Runyoun Group II

A

Schotochromagens
Pigmented WITHOUT light, gets darker when exposed to light
(M. scrofulaceum, M. gordonae, M. Szulgi, M. Flavescens, M.xenopi, M. thermoresistible)

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9
Q

Runyoun Group III

A

Nonphotochromogens
non-pigmented
(M. avium-intercellulare, M. ulcerans, M.tb, haemophilum, gasti, terrae)

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10
Q

Runyoun Group IV

A

Rapid Growers
Grow is <7 days
M. fortuitum, M. chelonae, abscessus, smegmatis

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11
Q

Mycobacterium tuberclosis

A 
Niacin +
Nitrate +
Urease +
Catalase -
Tween 80 Hyrdolysis -

Virulence: Antigen 85 Complex: “walls off” Mtb, high lipid content, grows intracellularly (inhibits phaygocytosis)

ID: PPD, Quantiferon (if infected, patient WBCs release IFN-gamma and amount of IFN-gamma is measured)

TX: Isonaizid, rifampin

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12
Q

Mycobacterium bovis

A

TB in cattle, cats, dogs, swine

Niacin (variable)
Nitrate - 
Catalase -
Urease +
Tween 80 Hydrolysis -
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13
Q

Mycobacterium avium complex

A

Pulmonary disease similar to TB (cough, fatigue, fever)
lymphadenitis
Immunocompromised patients, AIDS
Affects bowels of AIDS patients

Niacin -
Nitrate -
Catalase-
Urease -
Tween 80 Hydrolysis-
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14
Q

Mycobacterium kansasii

A

Pulmonary disease (TX, LA, , FL, CA)

Chronic Cavitary Disease
Infects upper lung lobes with cavitation and scarring
AIDS/immunocompromised

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15
Q

Mycobacterium asiaticum

A

Rarely a pathogen

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16
Q

Mycobacterium gastri

A

Rarely a pathogen

17
Q

Mycobacterium gordonae

A

Found in tap water and soil
Found often, but not always a pathogen (contam)

Niacin -
Nitrate -
Catalase +
Urease-
Tween 80 Hydrolysis +
18
Q

Mycobacterium haemophilum

A

Patients with AIDS and Hodgkin’s Disease
Associated with painful swellings, abscessed, subcutaneous nodules
Needs hemoglobin or hemin for growth (CHOC)

grows better at 30 degrees
Niacin-
Nitrate -
Tween 80 -
Catalase -
19
Q

Mycobacterium marinum

A

Associated with fish/aquariums
Cutaneous infections in humans after contact with water (lesions in life guards; “swimming pool granuloma”)
Grows better at 30

20
Q

Mycobacterium scrofulaceum

A

cervical lymphadenitis in KIDS “ scrofula” (enlarged nodes in neck)
Treated with drainage, no anti-TB drugs needed

21
Q

Mycobacterium szulgi

A

Pulmonary disease

22
Q

Mycobacterium terrae Complex

A

Septic arthritis, synovitis, osteomyelitis

23
Q

Mycobacterium ulcerans

A

Painless nodules under the skin, ulcer
Grows better at 32

Niacin -
Nitrate -
Catalase +
Urease (variable)
Tween 80 Hydrolysis -
24
Q

Mycobacterium xenopi

A

Only seen in Southeast England

Lung infections in people with pre-existing conditions (alcoholism,lung disease, diabetes)

25
Q

Mycobacterium chelonae

A

Found in the environment

Infections in immunocompromised patients

26
Q

Mycobacterium fortuitum

A

From soil, water, dust
Skin and soft tissue infections
Associated with infections from long-term use catheters, surgical wounds, injection sites

27
Q

Mtb Stage 1

A

Droplet nuclei inhaled

28
Q

Mtb Stage 2

A

Engulfed by macrophages 7-21 days after incubation

29
Q

Mtb Stage 3

A

T cells activated, releasing cytokines
Skin Test +
Tubercules form (“cheesy necrosis”)

30
Q

Mtb Stage 4

A

Mtb replicates

Tubercules grow/spread outside lung (extra-pulmonary TB/Military TB…. brain, liver, kidney)

31
Q

Mtb Stage 5

A

Center of tubercules liquifies
Bronchi rupture and form cavity
Lesions calcify = “Ghon Complex”

32
Q

Mycobacterium leprae

A

Leprosy, Hansen’s Disease
US reservoir = 9-banded armadillo
Grows better at 30 degrees

Disease: loss of eyebrows, lesions, ticketed ears/cheeks

33
Q

Grows better at lower temps (28-32)

A

Ulcerans
Marinum
Haemophilum
Chelonei

34
Q

Grows better at higher temps (42-45)

A

Xenopi

Thermoresistible

35
Q

PANTA

A

polymixin B, amphotericin B, naladixic acid, trimethoprim, azlocillin

36
Q

Treatment for NTM infections

A

Rifampin, Ethambutol, Azithromycin

37
Q

Nocardia

A

Soil organisms
Usually affect immunocompromised
No toxins, no virulence factors identified
Pulmonary and cutaneous infections

Branching GPB, beading
partial acid fast positive
might grow better using “paraffin bait technique”

38
Q

Nocardia asteroides

A

pulmonary infections

39
Q

Nocardia brasiliensis

A

cutaneous infections

thorns or slivers after outdoor activity

SM (16 decks)

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