anaemia Flashcards
what is haematocrit
ration of blood that is RBC
what do reticulocytes contain in their cytoplasm
RNA not DNA
what colour are reticulocytes on stain
purple
what does a high reticulocyte cell couNT indicate
increased loss or destruction of RBC’s
where does haemoglobin synthesis occur in RBC
in cytoplasm
causes of microcytic anaemia
thalasseamia, anaemia of CD , iron deficiency, lead poisoning, sideroblastic anaemia
what causes of microcytic anaemia cause a lack of porphyrin ring
lead poisoning and sideroblastic anaemia
what is circulating iron bound to
transferrin
where is ferritin found
liver
in what scenario would transferring levels be increased
haemochromatosis
what skin changes are seen in iron deficiency anaemia
koilonychia , angular chelitis
where is iron absorbed
duodenum and prox jejunum
how is iron deficiency anaemia treated
ferrous fumarate
side effect of ferrous fumarate
black stools
a failure in what causes megaloblastic anaemia
decreased division and increased apoptosis
causes of megaloblastic anaemia
b12 deficiency, folate deficiency and drugs
features of b12 and folate deficiency
weight loss , signs of anaemia, diarrhoea, infertility, sore tongue, jaundice
causes of b12 and folate deficiency
diet (vegans)
malabsorption
excessive utilisation- pregnancy, haemolysis, anti convulsants , malignancy
where is b12 absorbed and how long is it stored from
ileum and for 2-4 years
where is folate absorbed and how long is it stored for
duodenum and for 4 months
what is pernicious anaemia
autoimmune condition resulting in destruction of gastric parietal cells that secret intrinsic factor and aid in b12 absorption
what conditions is pernicious anaemia associated with
vitiligo, Addison’s, hyperthyroid and atrophic gastritis
macroovalocytes and hypersegmented nucleus
b12/folaet deficiency
causes of non megaloblastic macrocytosis
alcohol , liver disease, hypothyroid, marrow failure (not assoc with anaemia)
myelodysplasia, myeloma, aplastic anaemia - assoc with anaemia
what is non megaloblastic macrocytosis due to
changes in cell membrane not due to development
what causes a normocytic anaemia?
hypoproliferation eg marrow failure marrow infiltration ie mets renal impairement chronic disease
what is methotrexates mechanism of action
folate antagonist
