anaemia

Question 1

what is haematocrit

Answer 1

ration of blood that is RBC

Question 2

what do reticulocytes contain in their cytoplasm

Answer 2

RNA not DNA

Question 3

what colour are reticulocytes on stain

Answer 3

purple

Question 4

what does a high reticulocyte cell couNT indicate

Answer 4

increased loss or destruction of RBC’s

Question 5

where does haemoglobin synthesis occur in RBC

Answer 5

in cytoplasm

Question 6

causes of microcytic anaemia

Answer 6

thalasseamia, anaemia of CD , iron deficiency, lead poisoning, sideroblastic anaemia

Question 7

what causes of microcytic anaemia cause a lack of porphyrin ring

Answer 7

lead poisoning and sideroblastic anaemia

Question 8

what is circulating iron bound to

Answer 8

transferrin

Question 9

where is ferritin found

Answer 9

liver

Question 10

in what scenario would transferring levels be increased

Answer 10

haemochromatosis

Question 11

what skin changes are seen in iron deficiency anaemia

Answer 11

koilonychia , angular chelitis

Question 12

where is iron absorbed

Answer 12

duodenum and prox jejunum

Question 13

how is iron deficiency anaemia treated

Answer 13

ferrous fumarate

Question 14

side effect of ferrous fumarate

Answer 14

black stools

Question 15

a failure in what causes megaloblastic anaemia

Answer 15

decreased division and increased apoptosis

Question 16

causes of megaloblastic anaemia

Answer 16

b12 deficiency, folate deficiency and drugs

Question 17

features of b12 and folate deficiency

Answer 17

weight loss , signs of anaemia, diarrhoea, infertility, sore tongue, jaundice

Question 18

causes of b12 and folate deficiency

Answer 18

diet (vegans)
malabsorption
excessive utilisation- pregnancy, haemolysis, anti convulsants , malignancy

Question 19

where is b12 absorbed and how long is it stored from

Answer 19

ileum and for 2-4 years

Question 20

where is folate absorbed and how long is it stored for

Answer 20

duodenum and for 4 months

Question 21

what is pernicious anaemia

Answer 21

autoimmune condition resulting in destruction of gastric parietal cells that secret intrinsic factor and aid in b12 absorption

Question 22

what conditions is pernicious anaemia associated with

Answer 22

vitiligo, Addison’s, hyperthyroid and atrophic gastritis

Question 23

macroovalocytes and hypersegmented nucleus

Answer 23

b12/folaet deficiency

Question 24

causes of non megaloblastic macrocytosis

Answer 24

alcohol , liver disease, hypothyroid, marrow failure (not assoc with anaemia)

myelodysplasia, myeloma, aplastic anaemia - assoc with anaemia

Question 25

what is non megaloblastic macrocytosis due to

Answer 25

changes in cell membrane not due to development

Question 26

what causes a normocytic anaemia?

Answer 26

hypoproliferation eg
marrow failure
marrow infiltration ie mets 
renal impairement 
chronic disease

Question 27

what is methotrexates mechanism of action

Answer 27

folate antagonist