Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biochemistry > Amino Acid Metabolism > Flashcards

Amino Acid Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Forms of ammonia transport

A

Glutamine

Alanine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Normal blood urea concentration

A

15-40mg/dl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sources of glycine

A

Serine
Threonine by threonine alsolase
NH4+ + CO2 by glycine synthase
Glyoxylate/glutamate/alanine by glycine aminotransferase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Components of glutathione

A

Glycine+ Cysteine + glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Components of creatine

A

Glycine + Methionine + Arginine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

BC ā ketoacid dehydrogenase complex

A

Decarboxylase + transacylase + dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sources of serine

A
  1. Phosphoglycerate
  2. Glycine
  3. Transamination of hydroxypyruvate with alanine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Functions of serine

A
  1. Forms glycine
  2. Forms Cysteine and alanine
  3. Azaserine- anticancer
    Cycloserine- anti TB
  4. Serine proteases (active sites of enzymes with Ser)
  5. Selenocysteine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Selenocysteine found in

A

Active sites of

  1. Thioredoxin reductase
  2. Glutathione peroxidase
  3. Deiodinase
  4. Selenoprotein P
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Threonine degraded to

A
  1. Ā keto butyric acid by threonine dehydratase

2. Gly + acetaldehyde by threonine aldolase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Methionine functions

A

Cysteine synthesis

SAM which is methyl donor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cysteine degraded to

A

B mercaptopyruvate

B mercaptoethanolamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Functions of Cysteine

A
  1. Glutathione formation
  2. Sulfur metabolism
  3. Forms PAPS as sulfur donor and helps in conjugation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Normal homocysteine blood levels

A

5-15 micromol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Glutamic acid functions

A
  1. Ākga formation
  2. Formation of NAG
  3. Synthesis of glutamine
  4. Helps in NO synthesis
  5. GABA synthesis
  6. Glutathione synthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Functions of glutamine

A
  1. Forms glutamate in rxn that is important in trapping and transporting ammonia
  2. N 3, 9 of purines
  3. N3 of pyrimidines
  4. Source of NH2 of guanine and cytosine
  5. Conjugating agent
17
Q

Functions of aspartic acid

A
  1. Transamination to form OA and GLUTAMATE
  2. Malate aspartate shuttle
  3. Urea cycle
  4. Purine pyrimidine synthesis
18
Q

Aspargine

A

L asparagine anticancer drug against leukemias and lymphomas

19
Q

Functions of lysine

A
  1. Collagen
  2. Precursor of carnitine
  3. Can form Schiff bases
  4. Bacterial decarboxylation forms cadaverine
20
Q

Histamine

A
  1. Smooth muscle contraction
  2. Inc. vascular permeability
  3. Inc. acid secretion
  4. Low BP
  • produced by platelets, basophils, mast cells
  • cause anaphylaxis
21
Q

Precursor of NO

A

Arginine

22
Q

Functions of NO

A
  1. Vasodilator
  2. Inhibits platelet aggregation
  3. NT associated with memory
  4. Involved in bactericidal action of macrophages
  5. Smooth muscle relaxation
  6. Can treat angina and hypertension
23
Q

Functions of phenylalanine and tyrosine

A
  1. Synthesis of catecholamines in renal medulla and sympathetic ganglia
  2. Thyroid hormones syn.
  3. Synthesis of melanin
24
Q

Serotonin functions

A
  1. Vasoconstrictor
  2. Excitatory NT
  3. Causes peristalsis
  4. Influences behavior patterns
  5. Regulates prolactin secretion
  6. Sleep inducer
  7. Regulates BP and body temp.
25
Q

Transamination

A
  • exchange of amino grp bw alpha AA and alpha keto acid forming new AA
  • mostly, amino grp is accepted by alpha KGA to form glutamic acid
  • catalysed by amino transferases
  • require pyridoxyl phosphate
  • reversible so Synth. and degrad.
  • provides non essential AA during protein synthesis
  • ## transaminases used as diagnostic markers
26
Q

Energetics of urea cycle

A

4 ATP used
Fumarate to malate to OAA generates 1 NADH = 2.5 ATP

NET = 1.5 ATP used

27
Q

Regulation of urea cycle

A
  1. Activity inc. on starvation
    Regulatory enzyme - CPS1
    + NAG
28
Q

One carbon groups

A 
Formyl
Formimino
Methenyl
Hydroxymethyl
Methylene
Methyl
- they are carried by THFA
29
Q

Contributing AA for one carbon groups

A
  1. Serine to glycine
  2. Glycine cleavage system
  3. Histidine through FIGLU
  4. Tryptophan
  5. Choline
30
Q

Used of 1C groups

A
  1. C2, C8 of purine
  2. Formulation of methionyl tRNA
  3. Glycine
  4. Serine
  5. Choline
  6. Deoxy TMP
  7. Transmethylation rxns
  8. Excreted as CO2
31
Q

Glycine cleavage system

A
  • Oxidative deamination of gly
  • gives NH3, CO2, methylene THFA
    System contains
    1. Glycine decarboxylase with PLP
    2. Amino methyl transferase
    3. Methylene THFA synthase
    4. NAD+ dep. lipoamide dehydrogenase
32
Q

Glucogenic pathway of glycine metabolism

A

Glycine to serine

Serine to pyruvate by serine dehydratase

33
Q

Functions of glycine

A
  1. C4,5,7 of purine ring
  2. Heme synthesis (aminolevulinic acid formation)
  3. Creatine, creatine phosphate, creatinine syn.
  4. Glutathione formation
  5. Conjugating agent in bile
  6. Inhibitory neurotransmitter
34
Q

Intermediates in creatine formation

A 
KIDNEY
Glycine + arginine
Guanidoacetate
LIVER
\+ SAM = creatine
MUSCLE
-H2O = creatinine
-ATP = creatine phosphate - Lohmanns rxn
35
Q

Normal serum creatinine and creatine levels

A

Creatinine - 0.7-1.4mg/dl

Creatine - 0.2-0.4mg/dl

36
Q

Catabolism of serine products

A
  1. Deamination to pyruvate
  2. Transamination to hydroxypyruvate
  3. Glucogenic
37
Q

Sources of alanine

A
  1. Transamination of Pyruvate with glutamate

2. Glucose alanine cycle

38
Q

Carnosine

A
  • beta alanine + histidine
  • major constituent of muscles
  • can activate myosin contraction

Biochemistry (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions