all organic reactions

Question 1

COMPLETE COMBUSTION alkane + O2 (excess)

Answer 1

H20 + CO2

Question 2

INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION alkane + O2 (not excess)

Answer 2

H20 + CO

Question 3

catalytic converter

Answer 3

2CO + 2NO => 2CO2 + N2
2CO + O2 => 2CO2

Question 4

FREE RADICAL SUBSTITUTION (alkanes)

Answer 4

alkane + X2 => haloalkane + HCl
(UV light/sunlight)

Question 5

CRACKING

Answer 5

alkane => alkene + smaller alkane
(Al2O3, heat)

Question 6

ADDITION
alkene + H2

Answer 6

alkane
(Pt/Ni catalyst, heat)

Question 7

ADDITION
alkene + HX

Answer 7

haloalkane
(room temp)

Question 8

ADDITION
alkene + H2O(g)

Answer 8

alcohol
(H3PO4 catalyst, high temp and pressure)

Question 9

ADDITION
alkene + X2

Answer 9

1,2 - dihaloalkane OR 2,2 - dihaloalkane

Question 10

ALKENE OXIDATION
alkene + [O] + H2O

Answer 10

alkane - x,y - diol
(cold, dilute acidified KMnO4)

0 alkyl groups:
CO2 + H2O
1 alkyl groups:
aldehyde
carboxylic acid
2 alkyl groups:
ketone
(hot, concentrated acidified KMnO4)

Question 11

ALCOHOL SUBSTITUTION
alcohol + HX

Answer 11

haloalkane + H2O
(or KX + H3PO4/H2SO4 to make HX)

Question 12

ALCOHOL SUBSTITUTION
alcohol + PCl3

Answer 12

haloalkane + H3PO4
(heat)

Question 13

ALCOHOL SUBSTITUTION
alcohol + PCl5

Answer 13

haloalkane + HCl + POCl3
(rtp)

Question 14

ALCOHOL SUBSTITUTION
alcohol + SOCl2

Answer 14

haloalkane + HCl + SO2
(rtp)

Question 15

NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION
haloalkane + NaOH(aq)

Answer 15

alcohol + NaX

Question 16

HYDROLYISIS
haloalkane + H2O

Answer 16

alcohol + HX

Question 17

NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION
haloalkane + KCN

Answer 17

alkanenitrile + KX
(ethanolic KCN, heat under reflux)

Question 18

NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION
haloalkane + NH3

Answer 18

alkylamine + HX

Question 19

ELIMINATION
haloalkane + NaOH(ethanol)

Answer 19

alkene + H2O + NaX
(ethanolic NaOH, heat)

Question 20

DISSOLVING ALCOHOLS IN WATER

Answer 20

alcohol <=> alkoxide- ion + H+ ion

Question 21

REDUCTION
aldehyde + [H]

Answer 21

alco-1-hol
(NaBH4/LiAlH4 red. agent)

Question 22

REDUCTION
ketone + [H]

Answer 22

alco-2-hol
(NaBH4/LiAlH4 red. agent)

Question 23

REDUCTION
carboxylic acid + [H]

Answer 23

alcohol + H2O
(NaBH4/LiAlH4 red. agent OR H2(g)/ Ni and heat)

Question 24

HYDROLYSIS
ester + dilute acid

Answer 24

alcohol + carboxylic acid

Question 25

HYDROLYSIS
ester + alkali (NaOH)

Answer 25

alcohol + ethoxide-Na+

Question 26

COMPLETE COMBUSTION
alcohol + O2

Answer 26

CO2 + H2O

Question 27

SUBSTITUTION
alcohol + HX

Answer 27

haloalkane + H2O
(HCl for this made in situ with NaCl + conc. H2SO4)
(HBr for this made with KBr + conc. H3PO4)

Question 28

alcohol + Na

Answer 28

sodium alkoxide + H2

Question 29

ESTERIFICATION

Answer 29

carboxylic acid + alcohol <=> ester + H2O
(strong acid catalyst)

Question 30

ESTER HYDROLYSIS
ester + acid/base

Answer 30

alcohol + Na alkanoate (or carbox. acid)
(heat under reflux with acid/base)

Question 31

DEHYDRATION
alcohol

Answer 31

alkene + H2O
(Al2O3 catalyst, heat

Question 32

OXIDATION
alco-1-hol + [O]

Answer 32

aldehyde + H2O
(K2Cr2O7 acidified with dilute H2SO4, heat, orange–green)

Question 33

OXIDATION
alco-2-hol + [O]

Answer 33

ketone
(K2Cr2O7 acidified with dilute H2SO4, orange–green)

Question 34

HYDROLYSIS
alkanenitrile + HCl + H2O

Answer 34

carboxylic acid + NH4X

Question 35

REDUCTION
carboxylic + [H]

Answer 35

alcohol + H2O
(LiAlH4)

Question 36

REDUCTION
aldehyde + [H]

Answer 36

primary alcohol
(heat, aq. alkaline NaBH4 OR LiAlH4 in dry ether, rtp)

Question 37

REDUCTION
ketone + [H]

Answer 37

secondary alcohol
(heat, aq. alkaline NaBH4 OR LiAlH4 in dry ether, rtp)

Question 38

NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION
aldehyde/ketone + KCN

Answer 38

x - hydroxyalkanenitrile
(heat, catalyst, KCN and dilute H2SO4)

Question 39

TOLLEN’S REAGENT

Answer 39

Ag+ + e- => Ag

Question 40

FEHLING’S SOLUTION

Answer 40

Cu2+ + e- => Cu+

Question 41

FORMING TRI-IODOMETHANE

Answer 41

HALOGENATION
methyl ketone/ethanal +I2 + NaOH(aq) => RCOCI3

HYDROLYSIS
RCOCI3 => RCOO-Na+ + CHI3