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chemistry > 10 - periodicity > Flashcards

10 - periodicity Flashcards

1
Q

periodic table

A

. 18 groups
. arranged in order of atomic number

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2
Q

periodicity

A

the repeating patterns in the physical and chemical properties of the elements across the periods of the periodic table

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3
Q

atomic radii measures:

A

. covalent radius - the distances betweens the two nuclei of the same type of atom can be determined and divided by two (best for comparison)

. metallic radii

. van der Waals’ radii - distance between nuclei of 2 neighboring, touching atoms which are not chemically bonded together, used for nobles gases since they don’t have a covalent radius

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4
Q

across period 3, atomic radius:

A

DECREASES
. increasing positive nuclear charge

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5
Q

across a period, ionic radii

A

DECREASES
. positive charge on ion increases and negative charge on ion decreases
. increasing positive nuclear charge

NEGATIVE HAVE LARGER IONIC RADII
. big increase ing graph from 4+ to 3- ion

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6
Q

period 3, melting point

A

INCREASE, DECREASE
. increase to Si then big decrease
. increasingly stronger metallic bonding, giant covalent structure so very high, then simple molecular so low

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7
Q

period 3, electrical conductivity

A

INCREASES
. increases from Na to Al
. drops dramatically to Si (semiconductor)
. falls more to non-metallic insulators (weak id id forces)

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8
Q

bonding and structure of Na

A

. metallic
. giant metallic

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9
Q

bonding and structure of Mg

A

. metallic
. giant metallic

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10
Q

bonding and structure of Al

A

. metallic
. giant metallic

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11
Q

bonding and structure of Si

A

. covalent
. giant molecular

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12
Q

bonding and structure of P

A

. covalent
. simple molecular

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13
Q

bonding and structure of S

A

. covalent
. simple molecular

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14
Q

bonding and structure of Cl

A

. covalent
. simple molecular

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15
Q

bonding and structure of Ar

A

. N/A
. simple molecular

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16
Q

period 3, first ionisation energies

A

INCREASES
. increase except Mg to Al and P to S
. increasing positive nuclear charge
. decreasing atomic radius

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17
Q

period 3, reactions with oxygen

A

4Na + O2 = 2Na2O
. burns with bright yellow flame
. vigorous
. in limited, white solid

2Mg + O2 = 2MgO
. vigorous
. burn with bright white flame

4Al + 3O2 = 2Al2O3
. protected with layer
. powdered reacts well
. burn with bright white flame

Si + O2 = SiO2

4P + 5O2 = P4O10
. yellow/white flame
. white phosphorus V oxide clouds

S + O2 = SO2
. blue flame
. toxic fume

upon further oxidation:
2SO2 +O2 = 2SO3
.V2O2 catalyst

CL AND AR DONT REACT WITH OXYGEN

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18
Q

period 3, reactions with cholrine

A

2Na + Cl2 = 2NaCl
.vigorous

Mg + Cl2 = MgCl2
.vigorous

2Al + 3Cl = Al2Cl6
.vigorous

Si + 2Cl2 = SiCl4
.slow

2P + 5Cl2 = 2PCl5
. slow

sulfur forms chlorides (SCl2, S2Cl2)
argon doesn’t form a chloride

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19
Q

reaction of sodium and water

A

2Na + 2H2O = 2NaOH + H2
. vigorously with cold water
. ball of molten metal melts, dissolves
. strongly alkaline solution left behind
. gives of hydrogen gas

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20
Q

magnesium and water

A

Mg + 2H2O = Mg(OH)2 + H2
. slow reaction
. weakly alkaline solution

Mg + H20 (g) = MgO + H2
. vigorous when with steam

21
Q

oxidation number of Na

A

+1

22
Q

oxidation number of Mg

A

+2

23
Q

oxidation number of Al

A

+3

24
Q

oxidation number of Si

A

+4

25
Q

oxidation number of P

A

+5

26
Q

oxidation number of S

A

+4, +6

27
Q

oxidation number of Cl

A

+4, +6, +7

28
Q

period 3 oxides reaction with water

A

Na2O + H2O = 2NaOH
. forms strongly alkaline solution
. pH 14

MgO + H2O = Mg(OH)2
. forms strongly alkaline solution
. pH 10
. MgO and Mg(OH)2 neutralise acid in stomach

Al2O3 DOESN’T REACT OR DISSOLVE IN WATER, reacts with acids and alkaline solutions (amphoteric)

SI2O3 INSOLUBLE IN WATER (GIANT MOL), reacts with alkali:
SiO2 + 2NaOH = Na2SiO3 + H2O

P4O10 + 6H20 = 4H3PO4
. vigorous
. dissolves
. acidic solution formed

SO2 + H2O = H2SO3 sulfurous acid
SO3 + H2O = H2SO4 sulfuric acid
. react and dissolve in water
. acidic solutions formed

29
Q

nature of Na oxides

A

basic

30
Q

nature of Mg oxide

A

basic

31
Q

nature of Al oxide

A

amphoteric

32
Q

nature of Si oxide

A

acidic

33
Q

nature of P oxide

A

acidic

34
Q

nature of S oxide

A

acidic

35
Q

period 3 oxide, melting points

A

Na - high
Mg - high
Al - very high
Si - very high
P - low
S - low

36
Q

period 3 oxide, electrical conductivity as liquid

A

Na - good
Mg - good
Al - good
Si - none
P - none
S - none

37
Q

period 3 oxide, chemical bonding

A

Na - ionic
Mg - ionic
Al - ionic
Si - covalent
P - covalent
S - covalent

38
Q

period 3 oxide, structure

A

Na - giant ionic
Mg - giant ionic
Al - giant ionic
Si - giant covalent
P - simple molecular
S - simple molecular

39
Q

across a period, electronegativity

A

increases

40
Q

magnesium oxide used

A

inside furnaces (high melting point)

41
Q

aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide used

A

ceramics (high melting point, electrical insulation)

42
Q

oxidation numbers of period 3 chlorides

A

Na, 1
Mg, 2
Al, 3
Si, 4
P, 5
S, 2

43
Q

period 3 chlorides, structure

A

NaCl = giant ionic
MgCl2 = giant ionic
Al2Cl6 = simple molecular
SiCl4 = simple molecular
PCl5 = simple molecular
SCl2 = simple molecular

44
Q

period 3 chlorides, observations when added to water

A

NaCl = soluble white solid to colourless solution
MgCl2 = soluble white solid to colourless solution
Al2Cl6 = react, white H2 gas fumes
SiCl4 = react, white H2 gas fumes
PCl5 = react, white H2 gas fumes
SCl2 = react, white H2 gas fumes

45
Q

period 3 chlorides, pH of solution when added to water

A

NaCl = 7
MgCl2 = 6.5
Al2Cl6 = 3
SiCl4 = 2
PCl5 = 2
SCl2 = 2

46
Q

period 3 chlorides, pH of solution when added to water

A

NaCl = 7
MgCl2 = 6.5
Al2Cl6 = 3
SiCl4 = 2
PCl5 = 2
SCl2 = 2

47
Q

aluminum chloride

A

AlCl3 - ionic, with water
Al2Cl6 - covalent, without water, arrow to Al

48
Q

period 3 chlorides and water

A

Na and Mg:
. form hydrated ions (Na+ / Mg2+ and Cl-)
. don’t react

Al:
. acidic solution formed

Si and P:
. hydrolyised
. white fumes of HCl gas released
. rapid reaction
. SiO2 / H3PO4 (water soluble, highly acidic)

chemistry (19 decks)

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