Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

chemistry > 10 - periodicity > Flashcards

10 - periodicity Flashcards

1
Q

periodic table

A

. 18 groups
. arranged in order of atomic number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

periodicity

A

the repeating patterns in the physical and chemical properties of the elements across the periods of the periodic table

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

atomic radii measures:

A

. covalent radius - the distances betweens the two nuclei of the same type of atom can be determined and divided by two (best for comparison)

. metallic radii

. van der Waals’ radii - distance between nuclei of 2 neighboring, touching atoms which are not chemically bonded together, used for nobles gases since they don’t have a covalent radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

across period 3, atomic radius:

A

DECREASES
. increasing positive nuclear charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

across a period, ionic radii

A

DECREASES
. positive charge on ion increases and negative charge on ion decreases
. increasing positive nuclear charge

NEGATIVE HAVE LARGER IONIC RADII
. big increase ing graph from 4+ to 3- ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

period 3, melting point

A

INCREASE, DECREASE
. increase to Si then big decrease
. increasingly stronger metallic bonding, giant covalent structure so very high, then simple molecular so low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

period 3, electrical conductivity

A

INCREASES
. increases from Na to Al
. drops dramatically to Si (semiconductor)
. falls more to non-metallic insulators (weak id id forces)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

bonding and structure of Na

A

. metallic
. giant metallic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

bonding and structure of Mg

A

. metallic
. giant metallic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

bonding and structure of Al

A

. metallic
. giant metallic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

bonding and structure of Si

A

. covalent
. giant molecular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

bonding and structure of P

A

. covalent
. simple molecular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

bonding and structure of S

A

. covalent
. simple molecular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

bonding and structure of Cl

A

. covalent
. simple molecular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

bonding and structure of Ar

A

. N/A
. simple molecular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

period 3, first ionisation energies

A

INCREASES
. increase except Mg to Al and P to S
. increasing positive nuclear charge
. decreasing atomic radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

period 3, reactions with oxygen

A

4Na + O2 = 2Na2O
. burns with bright yellow flame
. vigorous
. in limited, white solid

2Mg + O2 = 2MgO
. vigorous
. burn with bright white flame

4Al + 3O2 = 2Al2O3
. protected with layer
. powdered reacts well
. burn with bright white flame

Si + O2 = SiO2

4P + 5O2 = P4O10
. yellow/white flame
. white phosphorus V oxide clouds

S + O2 = SO2
. blue flame
. toxic fume

upon further oxidation:
2SO2 +O2 = 2SO3
.V2O2 catalyst

CL AND AR DONT REACT WITH OXYGEN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

period 3, reactions with cholrine

A

2Na + Cl2 = 2NaCl
.vigorous

Mg + Cl2 = MgCl2
.vigorous

2Al + 3Cl = Al2Cl6
.vigorous

Si + 2Cl2 = SiCl4
.slow

2P + 5Cl2 = 2PCl5
. slow

sulfur forms chlorides (SCl2, S2Cl2)
argon doesn’t form a chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

reaction of sodium and water

A

2Na + 2H2O = 2NaOH + H2
. vigorously with cold water
. ball of molten metal melts, dissolves
. strongly alkaline solution left behind
. gives of hydrogen gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

magnesium and water

A

Mg + 2H2O = Mg(OH)2 + H2
. slow reaction
. weakly alkaline solution

Mg + H20 (g) = MgO + H2
. vigorous when with steam

21
Q

oxidation number of Na

22
Q

oxidation number of Mg

23
Q

oxidation number of Al

24
Q

oxidation number of Si

25
oxidation number of P
+5
26
oxidation number of S
+4, +6
27
oxidation number of Cl
+4, +6, +7
28
period 3 oxides reaction with water
Na2O + H2O = 2NaOH . forms strongly alkaline solution . pH 14 MgO + H2O = Mg(OH)2 . forms strongly alkaline solution . pH 10 . MgO and Mg(OH)2 neutralise acid in stomach Al2O3 DOESN'T REACT OR DISSOLVE IN WATER, reacts with acids and alkaline solutions (amphoteric) SI2O3 INSOLUBLE IN WATER (GIANT MOL), reacts with alkali: SiO2 + 2NaOH = Na2SiO3 + H2O P4O10 + 6H20 = 4H3PO4 . vigorous . dissolves . acidic solution formed SO2 + H2O = H2SO3 sulfurous acid SO3 + H2O = H2SO4 sulfuric acid . react and dissolve in water . acidic solutions formed
29
nature of Na oxides
basic
30
nature of Mg oxide
basic
31
nature of Al oxide
amphoteric
32
nature of Si oxide
acidic
33
nature of P oxide
acidic
34
nature of S oxide
acidic
35
period 3 oxide, melting points
Na - high Mg - high Al - very high Si - very high P - low S - low
36
period 3 oxide, electrical conductivity as liquid
Na - good Mg - good Al - good Si - none P - none S - none
37
period 3 oxide, chemical bonding
Na - ionic Mg - ionic Al - ionic Si - covalent P - covalent S - covalent
38
period 3 oxide, structure
Na - giant ionic Mg - giant ionic Al - giant ionic Si - giant covalent P - simple molecular S - simple molecular
39
across a period, electronegativity
increases
40
magnesium oxide used
inside furnaces (high melting point)
41
aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide used
ceramics (high melting point, electrical insulation)
42
oxidation numbers of period 3 chlorides
Na, 1 Mg, 2 Al, 3 Si, 4 P, 5 S, 2
43
period 3 chlorides, structure
NaCl = giant ionic MgCl2 = giant ionic Al2Cl6 = simple molecular SiCl4 = simple molecular PCl5 = simple molecular SCl2 = simple molecular
44
period 3 chlorides, observations when added to water
NaCl = soluble white solid to colourless solution MgCl2 = soluble white solid to colourless solution Al2Cl6 = react, white H2 gas fumes SiCl4 = react, white H2 gas fumes PCl5 = react, white H2 gas fumes SCl2 = react, white H2 gas fumes
45
period 3 chlorides, pH of solution when added to water
NaCl = 7 MgCl2 = 6.5 Al2Cl6 = 3 SiCl4 = 2 PCl5 = 2 SCl2 = 2
46
period 3 chlorides, pH of solution when added to water
NaCl = 7 MgCl2 = 6.5 Al2Cl6 = 3 SiCl4 = 2 PCl5 = 2 SCl2 = 2
47
aluminum chloride
AlCl3 - ionic, with water Al2Cl6 - covalent, without water, arrow to Al
48
period 3 chlorides and water
Na and Mg: . form hydrated ions (Na+ / Mg2+ and Cl-) . don't react Al: . acidic solution formed Si and P: . hydrolyised . white fumes of HCl gas released . rapid reaction . SiO2 / H3PO4 (water soluble, highly acidic)

chemistry (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions