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chemistry > 11 - group 2 > Flashcards

11 - group 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

alkaline earth metals

A

elements in group two of the periodic table

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2
Q

Be configuration

A

1s²
2s²

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3
Q

Mg configuration

A

1s²
2s² 2p6
3s²

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4
Q

Ca configuration

A

1s²
2s² 2p6
3s² 3p6
4s²

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5
Q

Sr configuration

A

1s²
2s² 2p6
3s² 3p6 3d10
4s² 4p6
5s²

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6
Q

Ba configuration

A

1s²
2s² 2p6
3s² 3p6 3d10
4s² 4p6 4d10
5s² 5p6
6s²

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7
Q

metallic radius of an atom

A

half the distance between the nuclei in a giant metallic lattice

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8
Q

Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba —–>

A

. metallic radius increases (each two outer electron occupy a shell further away)
. atomic radius increases
. melting and boiling point decrease
. density increases (Mg lower than Ca)
. decreasing IE (Mg —> Mg2+ + 2e¯)
.reactivity increases (more shielding, more distance between outer electrons and nucleus > nucleus charge)
. solubility decreases

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9
Q

sulfuric acid + Ca/Sr/Ba

A

. insoluble layer formed on metal surfaces
. reactions stopped

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10
Q

group 2 reactions with oxygen

A

. burn rapidly
. form white solid oxides
. oxide (eg MgO) is basic in character
. reactivity increases down
. Ba so reactive it is stored under oil

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11
Q

calcium flame test

A

brick red colour

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12
Q

strontium flame test

A

scarlet red colour

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13
Q

barium flame test

A

apple green colour

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14
Q

basic oxide + dilute acid —->

A

salt + water

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15
Q

which group two oxides are neutralised by dilute HCl

A

MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO

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16
Q

group 2 oxide + sulfuric acid

A

. group two has decresing solublilty
. insoluble sulfates form at surface of oxide preventing reaction
. more reaction occure when ocide is in power form

17
Q

Mg reaction with water

A

. cold water = slow reaction
Mg + 2H20 —> Mg(OH)2 + H2

. hot Mg + steam = vigorous reaction
Mg + H20 —> MgO + H2

18
Q

calcium reaction with water

A

Ca + 2H2O —> Ca(OH)2 + H2
. steady stream of hydrogen gas
. forms cloudy white suspension of soluble calcium hydroxide
. cacium oxide that dissolves forms limewater solution

19
Q

saturated solution

A

a solution which can dissolve no more aolute at a particular temperature

20
Q

group 2 oxides + water

A

makes metal hydroxide
MgO + H2O —> Mg(OH)2

. calcium oxide and water is very vigorous reaction
CaO + H2O —> Ca(OH)2

when excess water, some CaOH dissolves
Ca(OH)2 —> Ca2+ + 2OH¯

OVERALL DESCRIPTION
O²¯ + H2O —> 2OH¯

21
Q

group 2 oxide + water

A

down the group = alkalinity increases

22
Q

group 2 hydroxide solublity

A

down the group = solublilty increases

23
Q

group 2 hydroxides + dilute acids

A

hydroxide + dilute acid —> salt + water

. barium sulfate = white precipitate
. barium chloride = colourless solution

24
Q

group 2 carbonates reaction

A

. general formula = XCO3
. Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba CO3 ALL WATER INSOLUBLE
. these carbonates react with dilute acids:
metal carbonate + dilute acid —> salt + water + carbon dioxide

. MgSO4 is water soluble
. Ca, Sr, Ba - insoluble sulfate layer, stops further reaction

. Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba carbonates + HCl = soluble chloride salts

25
Q

thermal decomposition

A

the breakdown of a compou d by heat into two or more different substances

26
Q

thermal decomposition of group 2 carbonate

A

MgCO3 —-heat—> MgO+ CO2
temperature increases down group 2

27
Q

temperature for thermal decomposition of group 2 carbonate

A

down the group = temperature increases

28
Q

thermal decomposition of group 2 nitrate

A

2Ca(NO3)2 —heat—> 2CaO + 4NO2 + O2

4NO2 is brown toxic gas, nitrogen IV oxide

29
Q

temperature for thermal decomposition of group 2 nitrate

A

down the group = temperature increases

30
Q

temperature for thermal decomposition of group 2 nitrate

A

down the group = temperature increases

chemistry (18 decks)

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