13 - nitrogen Flashcards

1
Q

nitrogen facts

A

. non metallic element
. main unreactive gas in air
. makes up 78% of the atmosphere
. exists as diatomic molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

electronic configuration of nitrogen

A

1s² 2s² 2p³

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

nitrogen bonding

A

triple covalent bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

why does nitrogen only react in extreme conditions?

A

it has a very strong triple bond which is difficult to break

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

bond energy of nitrogen triple bond

A

1000 kJ mol-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

bond energy of nitrogen triple bond

A

1000 kJ mol-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

nitrogen and oxygen reaction in air (due to thunderstorm)

A

(1) N2 + O2 –> 2NO
- NITROGEN (II) OXIDE

(2) 2NO + O2 –> 2NO2
- NITROGEN (IV) OXIDE

(3) 2NO2 + H2O + 0.5O2 –> 2HNO3
- NITRIC ACID

this nitric acid gets into soil, is absorbed by plants, nitrate ions are used by plants to make proteins for growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

test for ammonia gas

A

damp red litmus turns blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Habers process reaction

A

N2 + 3H2 =REVERSIBLE = 2NH3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

bonding in ammonia

A

triangular pyramidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

nitrogens lone pair of electrons can be donated to form a coordinate bond, structure?

A

H. +
H N ->H
H

positive charge evenly spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

NH3 + H+ — > NH4 +

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ammonia is a strong/weak acid/base

A

weak base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

equilibrium mixture in aqueous solution of ammonia

A

NH3 + H2O =REVERSIBLE= NH4+ + OH-

position of equilibrium is on left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

reaction to prepare ammonia gas in lab

A

2NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2 —>HEAT—>CaCl2 + 2H2O + 2NH3

this is an acid base reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how to see if unkown compound has ammonium ions

A

heat it with base, ammonia gas test

17
Q

what is inside an engine

A

. mixture of air (nitrogen- 78%, oxygen - 21%)
. fuel

in this high temperature and pressure, nitrogen can form nitrogen oxides

18
Q

nitrogen oxides cause:

A

. acid rain
. photochemical smog

19
Q

acid rain

A

2NO + O2 == 2NO2
NO2 + H2O + 1.5O2 —> 2HNO3

. this nitric acid is in tiny droplets making up clouds
. droplets larger
. temperature drops
. clouds rise
. drops, containing dilute nitric acid and dilute sulfuric acid, falls as acid rain

NITROGEN OXIDES ACT AS CATALYSTS IN SULFURIC ACKD REACTIONS

SO2 oxidised to SO3
SO3 + H2O —> H2SO4
SO2 + NO2 —> SO3 + NO
NO + 0.5O2 —> NO2

continues

20
Q

photochemical smog

A

primary pollants - eg nitrogen oxides as they’re given off directly into air from source, VOCs
not
secondary pollutants - not given off directly from human activity

VOCs: volatile organic compounds
. unburnt hydrocarbons from fuel and their oxidised products
. can react in sunlight to make PAN

PAN: peroxyacetyl nitrate
- organic pollant made by reactions with nitrogen oxides in sunlight, causing photochemical smog
- formula CH3CO3NO2

21
Q

primary pollutants

A

eg nitrogen oxides as they’re given off directly into air from source, VOCs

22
Q

secondary pollutants

A

not given off directly from human activity

23
Q

VOC

A

volatile organic compounds

. unburnt hydrocarbons from fuel and their oxidised products
. can react in sunlight to make PAN

24
Q

PAN

A

peroxyacetyl nitrate

  • organic pollant made by reactions with nitrogen oxides in sunlight, causing photochemical smog
  • formula CH3CO3NO2
  • affexts lungs, eyes, plant life
  • very harmful
25
what is photochemical reaction
reactions started by energy from ultraviolet, eg sun
26
what are hydrocarbons
organic compound made up hydrogen and carbon only
27
car exhaust system are fitted with...
catalytic converters
28
catalytic converter reactions
2CO + 2NO ---> 2CO2 + N2