Alkanes- Sources and Fractional Distillation(Complete) Flashcards
What is the general formula for an alkane?
CnH2n+2
What is the functional group of an alkane?
C-C
What are the three main sources of alkanes?
Crude oil.
Natural gas.
Coal.
What is a saturated hydrocarbon?
Saturated- Consists of only single carbon to carbon bonds.
Hydrocarbon- Consists of hydrogen and carbon only.
Describe a method to determine whether a substance is saturated.
Does not decolourise bromine water from red/ brown to colourless.
Does not decolourise acidified KMnO4 from pink to colourless.
What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?
Unsaturated- Consists of one or more double or triple carbon to carbon bonds.
Hydrocarbon- Consists of hydrogen and carbon only.
Describe a method to determine whether a substance is unsaturated.
Shake with bromine water, will go from red/brown to colourless.
Shake with acidified KMnO4, will go from pink to colourless.
What is an aliphatic compound?
Consists of chains of carbon, can be either straight or branched.
What is an aromatic compound?
Contains a benzene ring.
Name two aromatic compounds manufactured in Ireland.
Paracetamol.
Aspirin.
What are isomers?
Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formula.
What alkanes are gases at room temperature?
Methane.
Ethane.
Propane.
Butane.
At what stage are alkanes waxy solids?
C17.
Outline the process of fractional distillation.
Crude oil is heated at the bottom of the fractioning column.
It is added continuously.
The hot vapour rises through a series of levels.
Fractions come off at different levels depending on their boiling points.
The higher the boiling point, the lower the level they come off.
Draw a fractioning column.
In manual.
