Alexis HD 3

Question 1

What is the main cause of cerebrovascular disease?

Answer 1

atherosclerosis + comp

Question 2

Stroke

Answer 2

abrupt onset of focal/global neurologic signs/sx caused by ischemia or hemorrhage lasting more than 24 hrs
-3rd leading cause of death in us

Question 3

Where strokes occur most often?

Answer 3

middle cerebral territory

Question 4

Infarcts are ____ and ____

Answer 4

focal and global

Question 5

Know the evolution of infarcts bc they gave us a picture of a brain that had a lot of empty spaces and they asked what stage of infarct is it

Answer 5

Question 6

ARDS/DAD patho

Answer 6

Question 7

Answer 7

DAD (diffuse alv damage) with hyalin membrane lining damaged alv airspaces

Question 8

ARDs Outcomes

Answer 8

-Death, 40% mortality
-Diffuse interstitial fibrosis
-Recovery

Question 9

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Answer 9

-Histo is UIP (usual interstitial pneumonia)
*macrophages release cytokines/FGF
*interstitial chronic inflammation
*patchy interstitial fibrosis
*type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia
*honeycomb lung

Question 10

Pneumonconioses

Answer 10

Question 11

COPD consists of ____

Answer 11

emphysema, chronic bronchitis, asthma, and bronchiectasis

Question 12

Answer 12

Normal on left

EMPHYSEMA on right

Question 13

B CELLS

Answer 13

make IgE

Question 14

Histo of Asthma

Answer 14

hyperplasia of submucosal gland and the basement membrane

Question 15

1 fungal in US and Mexico

Answer 15

Question 16

opportunistic pneumonia

Answer 16

Question 17

TB

Answer 17

Question 18

Number one cause of deaths in industrialized world

Answer 18

Lung cancer

Question 19

Different types of lung cancer

Answer 19

Question 20

Answer 20

Squamous cell bronchogenic carcinoma

Question 21

adenocarcinoma

Answer 21

*weakest link to smoking
*gland forming
*peripheral

Question 22

Small Cell Carcinoma

Answer 22

subset of neuroendocrine carcinoma with large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and carcinoid
-older males, smokers, central bronchi, paraneoplastic syndromes

Question 23

Mesothelioma

Answer 23

asbestos fibers are coated with iron

Question 24

Different kidney cancers

Answer 24

Question 25

Types of renal cell carcinoma

Answer 25

Question 26

Immune Complex Glomerulonephritis

Answer 26

Question 27

Nephrotic

Answer 27

from membranous glomerulonphritis within immune complex

Question 28

Nephrotic Syndrome

Answer 28

-proteinuria
-hypopro, hypoalb
-edema
-hyperlipidemia

Question 29

Nephritic Syndrome

Answer 29

-hematuria
-oliguria, decrease GFR
-azotemia uremia
-HTN

Question 30

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

Answer 30

GBM spikes

Question 31

Answer 31

Membranous Glomerulonephritis, BM too thick, hematuria, edema

Question 32

glomerular disease examples

Answer 32

diabetic and focal

Question 33

Answer 33

acute pyelonephritis