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Year 3 - Gastro > Alcohol withdrawal > Flashcards

Alcohol withdrawal Flashcards

1
Q

Symptoms

A 
Confusion
Tremor
Agitation
Anxiety
Headaches
NV
Tachycardia
Sweating
Seizures
Hallucinations - visual, auditory and tactile 
Delirium tremens (rapid onset confusion)
Insomnia
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2
Q

Dfx for macrocytosis

A

Alcohol
Pregnancy
Folate deficiency
Vit B12 deficiency

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3
Q

Management for acute alcohol withdrawal

A 
Establish IV access
4 hourly baseline obs
Oral benzodiazepine
IV pabrinex for 5 days
Gastro review
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4
Q

What is pabrinex?

A

Vitamin B1 injections - prevents seizures and brain damage

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5
Q

What is thiamine?

A

Vit B1

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6
Q

Why do you give thiamine?

A

To prevent Wernicke’s encephalopathy

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7
Q

What drug might be given as a sedative? and how do you give it?

A

Librium in reducing doses

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8
Q

What’s the actual name for librium and what is the moa?

A

Chlordiazepoxide - benzodiazepine, GABA receptor agonists

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9
Q

What must you keep a close eye on?

A

Dehydration
Electrolyte imbalances
Infections

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10
Q

Medical longer term support to stop smoking

A

Naltrexone
Acamprosate
Disulifram

No alcohol dependence (NAD)

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11
Q

What is naltrexone’s MOA and what does it do?

A

Opioid receptor antagonist - prevents you from feeling the actual euphoric effects of alcohol

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12
Q

What is Acamprosate’s MOA and what does it do?

A

Reduces craving

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13
Q

What is disulfiram’s MOA and what does it do?

A

Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor - causes you to develop nausea and abdo pain when drinking alcohol

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14
Q

Recap the three drugs given to help with abstinence and their effects

A

Naltrexone - no joy (note contraindicated in liver disease)
Acamprosate - no craving
Disulifram - sick feeling

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15
Q

GI complications of alcohol dependence

A 
Oesophagitis
Mallory-weiss tear
Varices
Gastritis
Peptic ulcer
Acute or chronic pancreatitis
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16
Q

Liver complications of alcohol dependence

A

Fatty liver
Alcoholic hepatitis
Cirrhosis

17
Q

Withdrawal complications of alcohol dependence

A 
Cerebral atrophy 
Dementia
Cerebellar degeneratoin 
Optic atrophy 
Peripheral neuropathy 
Myopathy 
Hepatic encephalopathy 
Thiamine deficiency
Wernicke's encephalopathy 
Korsakoff's psychosis
18
Q

Symptoms of Wernicke’s encephalopathy

A 
Ataxia
Nystagmus
Opthalmoplegia 
Apathy
Disorientation
Disturbed memory
19
Q

Symptoms of Korsakoff’s psychosis

A

Retrograde and anterograde memory impairment with confabulation

20
Q

Pathophysiology of Korsakoff’s psychosis

A

Irreversible damage to mammillary bodies and hippocampus

21
Q

Haem complications of alcohol dependence

A

Anaemia
Thrombocytopenia
Abnormal platelet function

Year 3 - Gastro (42 decks)

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