Akkadian G Weak Verbs

Question 1

Render manûm (III-weak) as a ms nom. Participle and explain its morphology.

Answer 1

*mānûm < mānu + um** *

The first vowel is long (macron) and the theme vowel is u. Vowel contraction occurs when the ms nom. case ending is attached.

Question 2

Render malûm (III-weak) as a 1cs Precative and explain its morphology.

Answer 2

< l + umla < *imla** *

*lumla *

The form is based on the Preterite. A prefixed l is added to the Preterite form that features a prefixed u-vowel instead of the i-vowel.

Question 3

Render malûm (III-weak) as a 3cs Precative and explain its morphology.

Answer 3

limla < *l + imla** *

The form is based on the Preterite. A prefixed l is added to the Preterite form.

Question 4

Render malûm (III-weak) as a cp Imperative and explain its morphology.

Answer 4

< *tamlâ < *tamla+ā

milâ < **mlâ *

The form is based on the Preterite. After the prefix drops, an i-vowel is placed between the m-l radicals even though the theme vowel is a.

Question 5

Render banûm (III-weak) as a ms Imperative and explain its morphology.

Answer 5

bini < *bni < *tabni

The form is based on the Preterite. The verb’s theme vowel (i) is not followed by a 3^rd radical, thus it remains “open.” After the prefix drops, the theme vowel is “copied” between the b-n radicals.

Question 6

Render leqûm (III-weak) as a 1cs Perfect and explain its morphology.

Answer 6

elteqe < *altaqe

The verb’s theme vowel (e = Durative) is not followed by a 3rd radical, thus it remains “open,” then the 1cs preformative a and the infixed ta harmonize to elte- (1cs) or telte- (2ms, 2fs, 2cp).

Question 7

Render banûm (III-weak) as a 1cs Perfect and explain its morphology.

Answer 7

abtani

The verb’s theme vowel (i = Durative) is not followed by a 3^rd radical, thus it remains “open,” then the infixed ta appears between the 1^st and 2^nd radicals.

Question 8

Render leqûm (III-weak) as a 2fs Durative and explain its morphology.

Answer 8

< *talaqqe + ī

teleqqî or talaqqî

The verb’s theme vowel (e) is not followed by a 3^rd radical, thus it remains “open,” then the 2fs sufformative ī triggers vowel contraction with the theme vowel, then the 2fs preformative ta and the Durative a-vowel may harmonize to *tele- *(2ms, 2fs, 2cp) or *ele- *(1cs).

Question 9

Render malûm (III-weak) as a 3mp Durative and explain its morphology.

Answer 9

imallû < *imalla + ū

The verb’s theme vowel (a) is not followed by a 3^rd radical, thus it remains “open,” then the 3mp sufformative ū triggers vowel contraction with the theme vowel.

Question 10

Render leqûm (III-weak) as a 2ms Preterite and explain its morphology.

Answer 10

telqe or talqe < *talqe

The verb’s theme vowel (e) is not followed by a 3^rd radical, thus it remains “open,” then the 2ms preformative ta may harmonize to te (2ms, 2fs, 2cp) or e (1cs).

Question 11

Render banûm (III-weak) as a 2cp Preterite and explain its morphology.

Answer 11

tabniā < *tabni+ā

The verb’s theme vowel (i) is not followed by a 3^rd radical, thus it remains “open,” then the 2cp sufformative ā attaches without vowel contraction with the theme vowel.

Question 12

Render banûm (III-weak) as a 2fs Preterite and explain its morphology.

Answer 12

tabnî < *tabni+ī

The verb’s theme vowel (i) is not followed by a 3^rd radical, thus it remains “open,” then the 2fs sufformative ī triggers vowel contraction with the theme vowel.

Question 13

Render nadānum (I-n) as a fp gen-acc. Participle and explain its morphology.

Answer 13

nādinātim

The I-n participle forms are completely regular.

Question 14

Render nadānum (I-n) as a 3fp Precative and explain its morphology.

Answer 14

liddinā

The Precative form essentially equates to

l + Preterite.

Question 15

Render nadānum (I-n) as a 2fs Imperative and explain its morphology.

Answer 15

• < ***dinī < ***taddinī*
• idnī **< *idinī*

The form is based on the Preterite. After the prefix drops, the n-radical remains lost and the theme vowel (i) appears before the 2^nd radical d. The theme vowel drops due to vowel syncope.

Question 16

Render nadānum (I-n) as a 2ms Imperative and explain its morphology.

Answer 16

idin < *din < *nidin

The form is based on the Preterite. After the prefix drops, the n-radical remains lost and the theme vowel (i) appears before the 2^nd radical d.

Question 17

Render nadānum (I-n) as a 3fp Perfect and explain its morphology.

Answer 17

• ittadin + ī < *
• ittadnī*

The 1^st radical n assimilates to the infixed ta between the 1^st and 2^nd radicals, thereby doubling the t of the ta. Theme vowel = Durative.

Question 18

Render nadānum (I-n) as a 1cp Durative and explain its morphology.

Answer 18

ninaddin

The 1^st radical n is retained because of the a-vowel between the n and d radicals. The doubled d is diagnostic of the Durative and not of assimilation.

Question 19

Render nadānum (I-n) as a 2fs Preterite and explain its morphology.

Answer 19

taddinī

The 1^st radical n assimilates to the 2^nd radical d, thereby doubling the d.