˗ˏˋ agriculture ´ˎ˗

Question 1

when did humans shift to agriculture?

Answer 1

about 15,000 years ago.

Question 2

what is agriculture?

Answer 2

the mass production of resources through farming and domestication.

Question 3

what is domestication?

Answer 3

the relationship between humans, on the one hand, and plants and animals, on the other, in which the humans play an integral role in the protection and reproduction of plants and animals.

Question 4

what is technology?

Answer 4

the tools used for daily tasks, including farming, food processing, and food storage.

Question 5

what is community?

Answer 5

the changes in society and settlement patterns in the transition to an agricultural way of life.

Question 6

what shifts lead to agriculture?

Answer 6

social organization, leadership, relationships between kinship and property, and cosmology.

Question 7

who was lewis henry morgan?

Answer 7

• nineteenth-century american anthropologist who viewed the transition to agriculture as marking the boundary
• in his book ancient society, he labeled the transition to agriculture as the shift from a period of “savagery” to one of “barbarism

Question 8

what is the neolithic revolution?

Answer 8

time of rapid change to human cultures due to the invention of agriculture, starting around 12,000 years ago.

Question 9

what did agriculture do to humans?

Answer 9

it affected every aspect of our society.

Question 10

who was david rindos?

Answer 10

an archaeologist who saw agriculture as the result of a coevolutionary process involving a symbiotic relationship between plant and animal species.

Question 11

what was tim ingold?

Answer 11

an anthropologist who views the shift from hunting to agriculture as a shift from trust to domination.
- with agriculture comes the concepts of property and social hierarchies

Question 12

what groups are typically more egalitarian?

Answer 12

hunter and gatherers/foragers.

Question 13

who was marshall sahlins?

Answer 13

• an anthropologist who described hunter-gatherers as the “original affluent society
• studies are now showing that typically, foraging/hunter-gatherer societies have to put in less work, than agriculturalists (they end up with more leisure time)

Question 14

what are possible explanations for agriculture?

Answer 14

• climate change
• ester boserup suggested that increased population size might have been the cause of the shift to agriculture
• most likely there were many events/issues that led to this change

Question 15

what is broad spectrum adaptation?

Answer 15

exploitation of a wide range of plant and animal resources characteristic of many hunter-gatherer societies that preceded the shift to agriculture.