Aggression Studies reversed

Question 1

• Children who had watched the aggressive adult behaved more aggressively than control group. 1/3 repeated the models verbal responses in model group, boys imitated more physically aggressive.
• Social Learning Theory

Answer 1

Bandura, Ross and Ross:

Question 2

• If a child see’s another rewarded for aggressive behaviour then they are more likely to repeat it.
  Concluded that children had learned the behaviour, but only those who saw it being rewarded were motivated to repeat it
• Social Learning Theory

Answer 2

Bandura and Walters

Question 3

• Children wearing orange played the game consistently more aggressively than children in their everyday clothes .
• De-individuation

Answer 3

Rehm et al

Question 4

• Meta-analysis
• 206/500 crimes wore a form of disguise
  Severity of attack was positively correlated to wearing a mask
• De-individuation

Answer 4

Silke et al

Question 5

-Increase in uninhibited behaviour but not aggressive from being in a dark room
50% hugged each other
- De-individuation

Answer 5

Gergen et al

Question 6

• Analysed 58 US prisons, found that black inmates displayed significantly higher levels of violent behaviour compared to white inmates
• Importation model (institutionalization)

Answer 6

Harer and Steffensmier

Question 7

• Hispanics were more violent prisoners than non-Hispanics, inmates of Asian descent were less likely than any other prisoners to engage in serious violent behaviour.
• Importation model (institutionalization)

Answer 7

Gaes et al

Question 8

• Found that overcrowding, lack of privacy and lack of meaningful activities in prison all significantly influenced interpersonal violence
• Situational model (Institutionalization)

Answer 8

McCorkle et al

Question 9

• Found that when overcrowding in prisons increases, so do levels of violence
• Situational model (Institutionalization)

Answer 9

Light et al

Question 10

• Believed prison environment causes violence and proved this with the Stanford Prison experiment.
• Gives face validity to Situational model (Institutionalization)

Answer 10

Zimbardo

Question 11

• Found that among juvenile offenders in 4 different institutions, pre-institutional violence was the best predictor of inmate aggression, regardless of the particular features (overcrowding) of the institution.
• Goes against Zimbardo’s

Answer 11

Regoli

Question 12

• Found a positive relationship between testosterone and aggression, but only when cortisol levels are low.
• Hormonal (Testosterone)

Answer 12

Popma

Question 13

• Shot 16 people on a uni campus.
• Tumour found in amygdala postmortem.
• Biological(?????)

Answer 13

Charles Whitman

Question 14

• A tamping iron went through his prefrontal cortex
• Personality was said to have changed and he became more aggressive.
• Biological(????)

Answer 14

Phineas Gage

Question 15

• Found that aggressive individuals had lower levels of serotonin than the control group.
• Neural

Answer 15

Davidson

Question 16

• Found that vevret monkeys were more aggressive when their serotonin levels were decreased.
• Neural (Neurotransmitter????)

Answer 16

Kyes

Question 17

• Found that those who had been given testosterone, behaved more aggressively than the control group who had been given a placebo.
• Hormonal

Answer 17

Kouri

Question 18

• Found that the mice who had been castrated and so had lower testosterone levels were less aggressive
• Hormonal
• Supports Kouri

Answer 18

Wagner

Question 19

• Found that there were 15:1000 individuals in prison with the XYY chromosome, compared to 1:1000 in the normal population.
• Genetic (Chromosomal)

Answer 19

Jacobs

Question 20

• Found a concordance rate of 87% in MZ twins for aggressive and anti-social behaviour and 72
  5 in DZ twins - aggression could be inherited as they share parents/genes.
• Genetic

Answer 20

McGuffin and Gottesman

Question 21

• Found a positive correlation between the number of convictions for criminal violence among the biological parents and the number of convictions for criminal violence among their adopted sons - rules out nurture factors.
• Genetic
• Supports McGuffin and Gottesman

Answer 21

Hutchins and Mednick

Question 22

• Found a marker on the Y chromosome which was present in all violent men in a Dutch family, but never in the non-violent men.
• Genetic (MAOA)

Answer 22

Brunner

Question 23

• Found men have higher use of intrasexual threat whereas women have higher use of verbal possession signals.
• Evolutionary (Infidelity & Jealousy - Mate retention)

Answer 23

Buss and Shackleford

Question 24

• Positive correlation between females whose partners had sexually coerced them and them admitting to having been sexually unfaithful.
• Evolutionary (Infidelity & Jealousy - Mate retention)

Answer 24

Goete and Shackleford

Question 25

• Found jealousy was the most commonly attributed cause of aggression in a relationship .
• Evolutionary (Sexual Jealousy)

Answer 25

Cascardi and Vivian

Question 26

• Most killings by men on women were motivated by sexual jealousy - men (24%), women (7.7%).
• Evolutionary (Sexual Jealousy)
• Supports Cascardi and Vivian

Answer 26

Daly and Wilson

Question 27

• Stated that during WW2, Germans invading Europe raped women in concentration camps - shows that groups = safer and more powerful.
• Gives face validity to Evolutionary (Group - Warfare)

Answer 27

Pinker

Question 28

• Found that the rugby players who were more likely to use unsanctioned aggression were those who placed more emphasis on winning the game.
• Evolutionary (Group - Warfare)

Answer 28

Maxwell and Viseck

Question 29

• In the Vietnam war, one of the first actions soldiers undertook in peasant villages was the rape of young women which created a generation of Amerasians in Vietnam
• Evolutionary (Group - Warfare)

Answer 29

Bullock