Aggression Studies

Question 1

Bandura, Ross and Ross:

What did they find and what theory of aggression does this support?

Answer 1

• Children who had watched the aggressive adult behaved more aggressively than control group. 1/3 repeated the models verbal responses in model group, boys imitated more physically aggressive.
• Social Learning Theory

Question 2

Bandura and Walters

What did they find and what theory of aggression does this support?

Answer 2

• If a child see’s another rewarded for aggressive behaviour then they are more likely to repeat it.
  Concluded that children had learned the behaviour, but only those who saw it being rewarded were motivated to repeat it
• Social Learning Theory

Question 3

Rehm et al

What did they find and what theory of aggression does this support?

Answer 3

• Children wearing orange played the game consistently more aggressively than children in their everyday clothes .
• De-individuation

Question 4

Silke et al

What type of study was this, what did they find and what theory of aggression does this support?

Answer 4

• Meta-analysis
• 206/500 crimes wore a form of disguise
  Severity of attack was positively correlated to wearing a mask
• De-individuation

Question 5

Gergen et al

What did they find and what theory of aggression does this support?

Answer 5

-Increase in uninhibited behaviour but not aggressive from being in a dark room
50% hugged each other
- De-individuation

Question 6

Harer and Steffensmier

What did they find and what theory of aggression does this support?

Answer 6

• Analysed 58 US prisons, found that black inmates displayed significantly higher levels of violent behaviour compared to white inmates
• Importation model (institutionalization)

Question 7

Gaes et al

What did they find and what theory of aggression does this support?

Answer 7

• Hispanics were more violent prisoners than non-Hispanics, inmates of Asian descent were less likely than any other prisoners to engage in serious violent behaviour.
• Importation model (institutionalization)

Question 8

McCorkle et al

What did they find and what theory of aggression does this support?

Answer 8

• Found that overcrowding, lack of privacy and lack of meaningful activities in prison all significantly influenced interpersonal violence
• Situational model (Institutionalization)

Question 9

Light et al

What did they find and what theory of aggression does this support?

Answer 9

• Found that when overcrowding in prisons increases, so do levels of violence
• Situational model (Institutionalization)

Question 10

Zimbardo

What study did they complete and what theory of aggression does this give face validity?

Answer 10

• Believed prison environment causes violence and proved this with the Stanford Prison experiment.
• Situational model (Institutionalization)

Question 11

Regoli

What did they find and whose study does this contradict?

Answer 11

• Found that among juvenile offenders in 4 different institutions, pre-institutional violence was the best predictor of inmate aggression, regardless of the particular features (overcrowding) of the institution.
• Zimbardo’s

Question 12

Popma

What did they find and what theory of aggression does this support?

Answer 12

• Found a positive relationship between testosterone and aggression, but only when cortisol levels are low.
• Hormonal (Testosterone)

Question 13

Charles Whitman

What did these this man do, what was found, and what theory of aggression does this support?

Answer 13

• Shot 16 people on a uni campus.
• Tumour found in amygdala postmortem.
• Biological(?????)

Question 14

Phineas Gage

What did this man do and what theory of aggression does this support?

Answer 14

• A tamping iron went through his prefrontal cortex
• Personality was said to have changed and he became more aggressive.
• Biological(????)

Question 15

Davidson

What did they find and what theory of aggression does this support?

Answer 15

• Found that aggressive individuals had lower levels of serotonin than the control group.
• Neural

Question 16

Kyes

What did they find and what theory of aggression does this support?

Answer 16

• Found that vevret monkeys were more aggressive when their serotonin levels were decreased.
• Neural (Neurotransmitter????)

Question 17

Kouri

What did they find and what theory of aggression does this support?

Answer 17

• Found that those who had been given testosterone, behaved more aggressively than the control group who had been given a placebo.
• Hormonal

Question 18

Wagner

What did they find and what theory of aggression does this support? What study is also supported by this study.

Answer 18

• Found that the mice who had been castrated and so had lower testosterone levels were less aggressive
• Hormonal
• Kouri

Question 19

Jacobs

What did they find and what theory of aggression does this support?

Answer 19

• Found that there were 15:1000 individuals in prison with the XYY chromosome, compared to 1:1000 in the normal population.
• Genetic (Chromosomal)

Question 20

McGuffin and Gottesman

What did they find and what theory of aggression does this support?

Answer 20

• Found a concordance rate of 87% in MZ twins for aggressive and anti-social behaviour and 72
  5 in DZ twins - aggression could be inherited as they share parents/genes.
• Genetic

Question 21

Hutchins and Mednick

What did they find and what theory of aggression does this support? And, what study does this support?

Answer 21

• Found a positive correlation between the number of convictions for criminal violence among the biological parents and the number of convictions for criminal violence among their adopted sons - rules out nurture factors.
• Genetic
• McGuffin and Gottesman

Question 22

Brunner

What did they find and what theory of aggression does this support?

Answer 22

• Found a marker on the Y chromosome which was present in all violent men in a Dutch family, but never in the non-violent men.
• Genetic (MAOA)

Question 23

Buss and Shackleford

What did they find and what theory of aggression does this support?

Answer 23

• Found men have higher use of intrasexual threat whereas women have higher use of verbal possession signals.
• Evolutionary (Infidelity & Jealousy - Mate retention)

Question 24

Goete and Shackleford

What did they find and what theory of aggression does this support?

Answer 24

• Positive correlation between females whose partners had sexually coerced them and them admitting to having been sexually unfaithful.
• Evolutionary (Infidelity & Jealousy - Mate retention)

Question 25

Cascardi and Vivian

What did they find and what theory of aggression does this support?

Answer 25

• Found jealousy was the most commonly attributed cause of aggression in a relationship .
• Evolutionary (Sexual Jealousy)

Question 26

Daly and Wilson

What did they find and what theory of aggression does this support? What study does this also support?

Answer 26

• Most killings by men on women were motivated by sexual jealousy - men (24%), women (7.7%).
• Evolutionary (Sexual Jealousy)
• Cascardi and Vivian

Question 27

Pinker

What did they find and what theory of aggression does this give face validity?

Answer 27

• Stated that during WW2, Germans invading Europe raped women in concentration camps - shows that groups = safer and more powerful.
• Evolutionary (Group - Warfare)

Question 28

Maxwell and Viseck

What did they find and what theory of aggression does this support?

Answer 28

• Found that the rugby players who were more likely to use unsanctioned aggression were those who placed more emphasis on winning the game.
• Evolutionary (Group - Warfare)

Question 29

Bullock

What did they find and what theory of aggression does this support?

Answer 29

• In the Vietnam war, one of the first actions soldiers undertook in peasant villages was the rape of young women which created a generation of Amerasians in Vietnam
• Evolutionary (Group - Warfare)