A - Institutionalisation

Question 1

What is an institution?

Answer 1

Somewhere that is devoted to a particular cause, e.g. prisons, children’s homes

Question 2

What is the Dispositional/Importation Model?

Answer 2

Prisoners being their own characteristics with them to the prison environment
Inmates that are young find it harder to adjust so are more likely to have confrontations
Black inmates are more likely to be associated with interpersonal violence with white inmates

Question 3

What is the situational Model?

Answer 3

The experience of imprisonment causes extreme stress/frustration which causes inmates to be violent
Deprivation experienced by many inmates often leads to their subsequent aggressive behaviour
Five deprivations that arise from the indignities and degradation suffered by becoming an inmate - e.g. deprivation of freedom and heterosexual relationships, deprivation of autonomy, of goods and services and of security

Question 4

What did Harer and Steffensmier find that supports the Imporation Model?

Answer 4

Analysed 58 US prisons, found that black inmates displayed significantly higher levels of violent behaviour compared to white inmates

Question 5

How did Gaes at all support Harer and Steffinsmier?

Answer 5

Hispanics were more violent prisoners than non-Hispanics, inmates of Asian descent were less likely than any other prisoners to engage in serious violent behaviour

Question 6

What did McCorkle et al find that supports the Situational Model?

Answer 6

Found that overcrowding, lack of privacy ad lack of meaningful activities in prison all significantly influenced interpersonal violence

Question 7

How did Light support McCorkle et al?

Answer 7

Found that when overcrowding in prisons increases, so do levels of violence

Question 8

How can the Situational Model be positively applied?

Answer 8

If the environment can be improved, violence can be decreased
David Wilson tried to improve a prison by decreased the heat, noise, pollution and overcrowing

Question 9

How did Zimbardo prove the Situational Model has face validity?

Answer 9

Believed prison environment causes violence and proved this with the Stanford Prison experiment

Question 10

What did Regoli find that goes against Zimbardos argument?

Answer 10

Found that among juvenile offenders in 4 different institutions, pre-institutional violence was the best predictor of inmate aggression, regardless of the particular features (overcrowding) of the institution