Age of Enlightenment Flashcards
What are philosophes?
Thinkers that served as instruments of change.
Philosophes did not go against societal norms, T/F?
False, their ideas went against it so they spread their ideas through writing, via satires and double meanings
What are salons? (in the age of enlightenment.)
avenues organized by women to serve as a place of intellectual discussion.
What is another name for the Age of Enlightenment?
Age of Reason.
This thinker wrote “The Leviathan”
Thomas Hobbes
Thomas Hobbes believed that man is naturally good. T/F?
False, he believed that man is naturally evil.
Why did Hobbes have a very authoritarianism approach to human society?
He believed that man is naturally evil, so the government is needed to put order into society. People have to enter a social contract wherein the members of society cannot rebel against the monarchy.
John Locke believed that man was naturally good. T/F?
True. They also had the rights to life, liberty, and property.
How was John Locke’s social contract different to Thomas Hobbes?
The government had limited and power and the people were allowed to revolt if their rights are not met.
This thinker wrote “On the Spirit of Laws”
Baron de Montesquieu.
What were the three branches of government Baron argued for?
Legislative, Judiciary, and Executive.
Famous for the line, “I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend it to the death your right to say it.”
Voltaire.
What else was Voltaire known for?
Defender of freedom of thought, and argued that people have the right to choose what they believe in.
This thinker was famous for the line “All men are born free but everywhere there are chains.”
A. Immanuel Kant
B. Plato
C. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
D. Thomas Hobbes.
C. Jean Jacques Rousseau
Jean-Jacques promoted that the power of the government should be absolute. T/F?
False, it should come from the people, and the labels of nobility should be abolished.
Wrote the “Encyclopaedia”
Denis Diderot.
How are physiocrats different from philosophes?
They were closer to the government.
Supported the idea that governments should not intervene with the economy
Francois Quesnay
What was the title of the book that Quesnay wrote that discussed the idea of economic equilibrium?
Tableu economique.
Scottish economist that published “The Wealth of Nations”
Adam Smith.
What is laissez faire?
Idea that argued against government intervention in the affairs of the market.
Adam Smith believed that their is a visible hand that directs the market. T/F
False, it is an invisible hand.
Who wrote the Vindication of the Rights of Women?
Mary Wollstonecraft. She argued that women need education and could enter male-dominated careers.
Who wrote the Serious Proposal to the Ladies?
Mary Astell
Who prevented the censorship of the Encylopaedia Britannica?
Marquise de Pompadour.
How did people resolve problems during the Middle Ages?
People based it on religious dogma or tradition.
Like Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that man is naturally good, but how did his idea differ from Locke’s?
Eventually, society will influence man to be corrupt.
What is individualism?
The principle of being independent or self-reliant.
