Age of Enlightenment

Question 1

What are philosophes?

Answer 1

Thinkers that served as instruments of change.

Question 2

Philosophes did not go against societal norms, T/F?

Answer 2

False, their ideas went against it so they spread their ideas through writing, via satires and double meanings

Question 3

What are salons? (in the age of enlightenment.)

Answer 3

avenues organized by women to serve as a place of intellectual discussion.

Question 4

What is another name for the Age of Enlightenment?

Answer 4

Age of Reason.

Question 5

This thinker wrote “The Leviathan”

Answer 5

Thomas Hobbes

Question 6

Thomas Hobbes believed that man is naturally good. T/F?

Answer 6

False, he believed that man is naturally evil.

Question 7

Why did Hobbes have a very authoritarianism approach to human society?

Answer 7

He believed that man is naturally evil, so the government is needed to put order into society. People have to enter a social contract wherein the members of society cannot rebel against the monarchy.

Question 8

John Locke believed that man was naturally good. T/F?

Answer 8

True. They also had the rights to life, liberty, and property.

Question 9

How was John Locke’s social contract different to Thomas Hobbes?

Answer 9

The government had limited and power and the people were allowed to revolt if their rights are not met.

Question 10

This thinker wrote “On the Spirit of Laws”

Answer 10

Baron de Montesquieu.

Question 11

What were the three branches of government Baron argued for?

Answer 11

Legislative, Judiciary, and Executive.

Question 12

Famous for the line, “I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend it to the death your right to say it.”

Answer 12

Voltaire.

Question 13

What else was Voltaire known for?

Answer 13

Defender of freedom of thought, and argued that people have the right to choose what they believe in.

Question 14

This thinker was famous for the line “All men are born free but everywhere there are chains.”

A. Immanuel Kant
B. Plato
C. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
D. Thomas Hobbes.

Answer 14

C. Jean Jacques Rousseau

Question 15

Jean-Jacques promoted that the power of the government should be absolute. T/F?

Answer 15

False, it should come from the people, and the labels of nobility should be abolished.

Question 16

Wrote the “Encyclopaedia”

Answer 16

Denis Diderot.

Question 17

How are physiocrats different from philosophes?

Answer 17

They were closer to the government.

Question 18

Supported the idea that governments should not intervene with the economy

Answer 18

Francois Quesnay

Question 19

What was the title of the book that Quesnay wrote that discussed the idea of economic equilibrium?

Answer 19

Tableu economique.

Question 20

Scottish economist that published “The Wealth of Nations”

Answer 20

Adam Smith.

Question 21

What is laissez faire?

Answer 21

Idea that argued against government intervention in the affairs of the market.

Question 22

Adam Smith believed that their is a visible hand that directs the market. T/F

Answer 22

False, it is an invisible hand.

Question 23

Who wrote the Vindication of the Rights of Women?

Answer 23

Mary Wollstonecraft. She argued that women need education and could enter male-dominated careers.

Question 24

Who wrote the Serious Proposal to the Ladies?

Answer 24

Mary Astell

Question 25

Who prevented the censorship of the Encylopaedia Britannica?

Answer 25

Marquise de Pompadour.

Question 26

How did people resolve problems during the Middle Ages?

Answer 26

People based it on religious dogma or tradition.

Question 27

Like Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that man is naturally good, but how did his idea differ from Locke’s?

Answer 27

Eventually, society will influence man to be corrupt.

Question 28

What is individualism?

Answer 28

The principle of being independent or self-reliant.