After Caesar's death

Question 1

What was the crowd’s reaction to Caesar?

Answer 1

• People were outraged, saw Caesar as a caring patron

Question 2

Who was to succeed Caesar?

Answer 2

Lepidus(magister Equitum) and Antonius (consul) were to succeed Caesar as Pontifex

Question 3

What were Atonius’ proposals?

Answer 3

a. All Caesar’s measures as dictator remain valid

b. NO effort be made to punish the assassins

Question 4

How does Gaius Octavius relate with Caesar?

Answer 4

• Grandnephew, closest male relative

- Father Octavius was a senator/novus homo who died naturally

Question 5

What is Gaius Octavius’ new name and why?

Answer 5

• Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus

Question 6

Immediately after Caesar’s death, what do Lepidus and Antony do?

Answer 6

• Lepidus: tries to succeed Caesar as Pontifex Maximus and leads to take up governorship in Spain
• Antony is in Rome (consul)

Question 7

Describe Octavian’s arrival

Answer 7

• May 44 he gathers support
• Support helped by negative mood towards assassins (Brutus and Cassius)
• Antony is baffled by Octavian’s support

Question 8

What do Brutus, Cassius, and Antony do upon Octavian’s arrival?

Answer 8

• Brutus and Cassius leave for the east (governors of Crete and Syrene)
• Antony leaves early to Cisalpine Gaul and besieges Decimus Brutus in Mutina (governor there)

Question 9

What does Cicero ask of Octavian?

Answer 9

Asks Octavian to use private army to eliminate Antony (most conspirators wanted to eliminate Antony). They ask him to become senator, make him pro-praetor, and take the two consuls in 43 to relieve Decimus Brutus

Question 10

What happens between Octavian and Brutus/Antony?

Answer 10

• Octavian agrees to relieve the siege
• They drive off Antony but aren’t strong enough to pursue Antony (both consuls killed in battle). Antony links up with Lepidus against the Senate
• With both consuls dead, senate tells Octavian to hand over troops to Decimus Brutus, but Octavian gets all the troops at Mutina to follow him.
• Octavian says he needs lands for his troops. Senate says no, so Octavian marches on Rome.
• By August 43, Octavian is consul with relative who happens to die.

Question 11

What does Octavian to when he becomes consul?

Answer 11

• Octavian turns to Antony and Lepidus so that the three can deal with Brutus and Cassius –> 2nd Triumvirate (legal, not secret)
• Have proscriptions (Cicero killed)
• 42 BC - defies Caesar as a God

Question 12

What is the decision at the beginning for the Second Triumvirate?

Answer 12

• Antony takes Gaul
• Lepidus has Spain
• Octavian has Africa, Sardinia, Sicily
• No longer enemies

Question 13

What was the Battle at Philippi?

Answer 13

• Antony and Octavian try to defeat Brutus and Cassius
• October 42 - Brutus and Cassius defeated
• Antony as military victor
• Assassination is avenged

Question 14

What were Antony’s assignments for the triumvirate after Philippi?

Answer 14

• Antony gets possess ion of the East
• He gets captivated with Cleopatra and gets Egypt’s resources; has two twin girls with Cleopatra in 40 and a son in 36
• His legates took care of invaders of Macedonia and the Parthians.
• now, he concentrates on a large-scale invasion of Parthia in 37, which is a disaster.
• Goes back to East in 34 to occupy Armenia (more successful)

Question 15

What did Antony do regarding Cleopatra

Answer 15

• 34, “Donations of Alexandria” - land distributed to Cleopatra, Caesarian, and 3 children.
• Octavian accuses Cleopatra for being a threat to Rome

Question 16

What happens when Octavian arranges for veteran settlement after Philippi?

Answer 16

100K veterans

• Revolt led by Antony’s wife and brother (consul in 41)
• Octavian traps Antony’s wife and Brother in Perusia. They both die naturally, and he wins the Perusian War.
• Governor in Gaul then dies, and Octavian takes charge

Question 17

What is the meeting in Brundisium?

Answer 17

• In 40, Triumvirs meet in Brundisium to reassign territories
• Antony has east
  Octavian has west
• Lepidus has Africa
• Antony marries Octavian’s sister Octavia

Question 18

How does Octavian deal with the problems in the West?

Answer 18

• Sexts Pompeius at Misenum, Campania - he agrees to marry one of Sextus’ females
• Results in the one child Octavian ever has –> Julia
• IN 39, he loses naval battle against SExtus Pompey
• Tarentum
• In 36, naval battle at Naulochus.Octavian wins (helped by Agrippa and Lepidus)

Question 19

What happens at Tarentum?

Answer 19

37BC, Triumvirate meets at Tarentum to renew the Triumvirate for 5 more years
- Antony lends Octavian ships to fight SExtus. Octavian agrees to send land troops to Antony

Question 20

Who is Agrippa? How does he help?

Answer 20

• Agrippa helps Octavian at Naulochus

Question 21

What happens with Octavian after he controls the west (after Naulochus?) Concerns Lepidus.

Answer 21

• Lepidus wants to take over, but Octavian convinces Lepidus’ troops to join him instead.
• Octavian lets Lepidus live as Pontifex Meximus, but tells him to go to exit
• Battle of Naulochus eliminates Lepidus

Question 22

Now that Octavian controls west, what does he do with Antony?

Answer 22

• Antony in 32 sends letter of divorce to Octavia
• Octavian shows Antony’s will from the Vestal Virgins and reads in the Senate (die/buried in Egypt with Cleopatra)
• Octavian declares war on Cleopatra

Question 23

What is the last war between the struggle of Cleopatra/Antony and Octavian?

Answer 23

31; naval battle at Actium

• Agrippa easily wins
• Antony and Cleopatra flee back to Alexandria
• Octavian invades Egypts in 30 to besiege Alexandria
• Antony commits suicide
• Eventually, Cleopatra (captured) takes her own life)
• By the end of the summer of 30, he is in sole control of Rome after 14 years.

Question 24

What happens to Cleopatra’s childreN?

Answer 24

• Two daughters by Antony are taken care of by Octavia

- Caesarion executed by Octavian