Aeromedical Factors Flashcards
What are some types of in-flight illusions?
Vestibular Illusions
- The Leans
- Vertigo
- Graveyard Spiral
- Somatogravic Illusion
Visual Illusions
- False Horizon
- Sloping Runway
- Runway Width
- Black Hole
What is a Somatogravic Illusion?
Rapid acceleration makes you feel you are pitching up. Deceleration causes the opposite. Caused by otoliths experiencing intertia that is interpreted as head movement.
How do you get into a graveyard spiral?
If you get the Leans, you end up in a bank when you think you are level.You start losing altitude in the unexpected bank which you fix by pitching up which tightens the turn,
VMC into IFR.
What causes the Leans?
If you bank slowly or stay in a prolonged constant rate turn, you might not have a sense of turning. This is because the fluid in the semicircular canal did not move or stopped moving. If you stop the turn, you can feel like you are turning the opposite way. To correct for that, you bank in the original direction.
VFR into IMC
What causes Vertigo?
An abrupt head movement during a prolonged turn causes the semicircular canals to send confusing signals to the brain.
What is a False Horizon Illusion?
The clouds and terrain don’t present a clear horizon so the pilot finds himself imagining one that is not correct and flying level to it.
What is a runway width illusion?
Narrow runway = seems too high, fly too low
Wide runway = seems too low, fly too high
What is a runway slope illusion?
upsloping runway = seems too high, fly too low
downsloping runway = seems too low, fly too high
What is a Black hole illusion
Lack of terrain features makes you think you are higher than you are, luring you to descend.
How long is a 1st class medical good for ATP privileges if it is issued before the pilot’s 40th birthday?
12 months
How long is a 1st class medical good for ATP privileges if it is issued after the pilot’s 40th birthday?
6 months
How long is a 2nd class medical good for Commercial privileges if it is issued before the pilot’s 40th birthday?
12 months
How long is a 2nd class medical good for Commercial privileges if it is issued after the pilot’s 40th birthday?
12 months
How long is a 3rd class medical good for if it is issued before the pilot’s 40th birthday?
5 years
How long is a 3rd class medical good for if it is issued after the pilot’s 40th birthday?
24 months
How long is a 2nd class medical good for Private privileges if it is issued after the pilot’s 40th birthday?
12 additional months after the Commercial privileges expire
What type of medical does a flight instructor require?
Only a 3rd class or Basic Med and only if the instructor acts as PIC.
Who can use Basic Med?
Student, recreational and private pilots, flight instructors or persons taking a practical or proficiency test.
How often must a pilot have a medical exam to renew Basic Med?
Every 4 years
How often must a pilot using Basic Med retake the medical certification course?
Every 2 years.
What must a pilot have in his possession when flying under Basic Med?
A valid U.S. Driver’s License
A medical examination checklist completed by his doctor within the last 4 years,
A medical certification course competion certificate from the last 2 years.
What are some of the key limitations for operating under Basic Med?
Carry no more than 5 passengers
Fly below 18000 ft and less than 250 kts
U.S. and Bahamas only
Aircraft with maximum certificated weight not more than 6000 lbs
Act as PIC - not any other required crew member including safety pilot
What are some of the key requirements to qualify for Basic Med?
Have held a medical certificate at any time since July 14, 2006
Have not had the most recent medical certificate revoked suspended or withdrawn
Have not had the most recent medical certificate application denied
What are the various types of hypoxia and their causes?
Hypoxic Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen available to the lungs, caused by low partial pressure of oxygen at altitude.
Histotoxic Hypoxia - body cells not able to use oxygen delivered by blood, caused by alcohol or drug use.
Stagnant Hypoxia - oxygen-rich blood is not flowing to the body tissues that need it. caused by g-forces or extreme cold.
Hypemic Hypoxia - blood not able to carry oxygen. Carbon monoxide poisoning.
What are common symptoms of hypoxia?
Increases rate of breathing
Headache
Light-headed or dizzy
Tingling fingers and toes
Impaired judgement, coordination and speach
Drowsiness
Euphoria
What are common symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning?
Headache
Blurred vision
Dizziness
Drowsiness
Confusion
What are common symptoms of hyperventilation?
Uncontrolled rapid breathing
dizziness and light-headedness
Visual impairment
What are some common symptoms of motion sickness?
Loss of apetite
Sweating
Salivating
Headaches
Nausea and Vomiting
What are common symptoms of dehydration?
Fatigue
Thirst
Headache
Abdominal Cramps
Dizziness
How much of a fluid deficit do you typically have when you start to experience thirst?
1.5 quarts
What are common symptoms of heatstroke?
Feeling hot, often without sweating
Loss of physical and mental abilities
Muscle weakness or cramps
Nausea and Vomitiing
