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T-6 ENJJPT > Aerodynamics > Flashcards

Aerodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

Minimum speed for T/O is about ____ above power-off stall speed

A

20%

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2
Q

Bad for T/O performance:

A

High, hot, heavy, humid

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3
Q

Max rate of climb (Definition) (and T-6)

A

Gaining the most altitude in a given amount of time, 140 KIAS

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4
Q

Max angle of climb (Definition)

A

The most altitude for distance travelled

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5
Q

How does altitude affect cruise?

A

Decrease in temperature = turbine engine more efficient = higher range & endurance because of less fuel

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6
Q

Does wind affect maximum endurance?

A

No

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7
Q

How does head and tail wind affect max range?

A

Head = decreased, tail = increased

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8
Q

Best glide speed (Definition)

A

The maximum range in a power-off glide

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9
Q

Where does best glide speed occur?

A

At L/D MAX, T-6 clean ≈ 125 KIAS

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10
Q

What is P-factor?

A

The yawing moment caused by one propeller blade creating more thrust than its opposing blade, if the free airstream relative wind is above the thrust line

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11
Q

Where is P-factor noticeable?

A

High power setting, thrust axis displaced from the relative wind

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12
Q

What causes the aircraft to accelerate until thrust equals drag?

A

Excess thrust (Newton’s 2nd law)

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13
Q

Aerodynamic centre is also known as?

A

Center of lift

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14
Q

Maxium endurance occurs at ____

A

bottom of the power curve

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15
Q

Maxium range occurs at ____

A

L/D max

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16
Q

In a spin, which wing will have the higher AOA?

A

inside wing

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17
Q

What’s the difference between erect and inverted spin?

A

Positive og negative G

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18
Q

Post-stall gyration (Definition)

A

Aerodynamic forces during a stall that result in movement around the pitch, roll, and yaw axes

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19
Q

Autorotation (Definition)

A

Combination of roll and yaw that propagates itself and progressively gets worse due to asymmetrically stalled wings

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20
Q

Conservation of angular momentum

A

CG and centre of lift come closer together

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21
Q

How does anti-spin rudder aid in recovery?

A

Slows rotation and decreases AOA

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22
Q

Spin to which side has the lower pitch, slower with more oscillation, and increased rotation rate due to gyroscopic precession?

A

right side

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23
Q

What is progressive spin?

A

Caused by maintaining full up elevator while holding anti-spin rudder, until rotation stops and then turns the other way

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24
Q

On a graph, where does boundary layer separation start to occur?

A

Where the coefficient of lift starts to bend

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25
Q

Does a heavy aircraft have a higher or lower stall speed?

A

Higher

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26
Q

With IAS being the same, does stall speed increase or decrease with altitude?

A

Increase

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27
Q

When are the strongest vortices created?

A

Heavy + clean + slow

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28
Q

How does AOA affect vortices?

A

Higher AOA = bigger vortices, because greater lift

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29
Q

What are the four types that can cause yaw because of the propeller?

A

Gyroscopic processing, torque effect, p-factor, prop wash

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30
Q

Increasing performance wind shear

A

Lift and climb increases

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31
Q

Decreasing performance wind shear

A

Lift and climb decreases

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32
Q

Wind shear is caused by ______

A

low level jet streams, wind funneling, land-sea breezes, fonts, thunderstorms

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33
Q

What wind shear alert systems exists?

A

NEXRAD Doppler radars, Low-Level Wind Shear Alert Systems (LLWS), and PIREP

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34
Q

Wind shear T/O procedures

A

Longest suitable runway, T/O flaps but delay rotation by the amount of predicted shear (up to 10 knots), rotate to normal climb attitude and maintain

35
Q

Wind shear landing procedures

A

Add up to 10 knots to speed (keeping in my the increased landing roll), resist temptation to make large power reductions, establish pitch, trim, and power settings by 1000’ AGL

36
Q

Order of loss of conrols

A
  1. aileron 2. elevator 3. rudder
37
Q

Boundary layer separation (Definition)

A

Point in the streamline where airflow no longer adheres to the airfoil

38
Q

Moment (Definition)

A

Force applied at a distance from a pivot point (a lever)

39
Q

Work (Definition)

A

Force * distance

40
Q

Power (Definition)

A

Work / time or

Force * velocity

41
Q

Total energy (Definition)

A

Full measure of a body’s capacity to do work

42
Q

Potential energy (Definition)

A

Ability to do work based on position

43
Q

Kinetic energy (Definition)

A

Ability to do work based on motion

44
Q

Temperature (Definition)

A

Measure of the average kinetic energy of air particles

45
Q

True altitude is also called ____

A

MSL

46
Q

Pressure altitude is true altitude corrected for _______

A

atmospheric pressure

47
Q

Density altitude is pressure altitude corrected for ____

A

temperature

48
Q

Chordline (Definition)

A

an infinitely long line passing through the leading and trailing edges of an airfoil

49
Q

Flight path (Definition)

A

Path of CG through the air mass. Always opposite to the relative wind

50
Q

Relative wind (Definition)

A

always opposite to the flight path

51
Q

Pitch attitude (Definition)

A

Angle between the longitudinal axis and the horizon

52
Q

AOA (Definition)

A

Angle between the chord line and the relative wind

53
Q

What does CG affect?

A

Pitch and stability

54
Q

Aerodynamic center placement ____

A

normally aft of CG. (Relates the 4 forces)

55
Q

Aerodynamic force (Definition)

A

Force that results from pressure and friction distribution over an airfoil

56
Q

What has the greatest affect on lift?

A

velocity

57
Q

How can the pilot change the cL?

A

AOA or flaps

58
Q

Total drag decreases until _____ then increases

A

L/DMAX

59
Q

Form drag (Definition)

A

Separation of airflow; function of size and shape of airfoil. Caused by a difference between leading edge Ps and trailing edge Ps

(kom endelig med en bedre forklaring)

60
Q

Friction drag (Definition)

A

Turbulent airflow in the boundary layer

61
Q

Interference drag (Definition)

A

mixing airstreams (fuselage and wing)

62
Q

Minimum total drag occurs at _____

A

L/DMAX

63
Q

Thrust required (Definition)

A

Equals total drag in equilibrium

64
Q

Thrust available (Definition)

A

Thrust produced under a specific velocity, density and PCL setting

65
Q

Thrust excess (Definition)

A

Difference between thrust available and thrust required. In a propeller aircraft, max thrust excess occurs below L/DMAX

66
Q

Power required (Definition)

A

Power need to produce required thrust.

In a propeller aircraft, minimum power required occurs below L/DMAX

67
Q

Power available (Definition)

A

Power actually produced by the airplane’s engine at a given PCL setting, velocity, and density

68
Q

Power excess (Definition)

A

Difference between power available and power required.

When available a/c will either climb and/or accelerate.

Max excess occurs at L/DMAX

69
Q

With an increase in altitude _____ is required to increase, but _____ remains constant

(which one is power and which is thrust)

A

1: Power, 2: thrust

70
Q

Prop hp vs shaft hp

A

Prop = thrust hp

Shaft = engine output

71
Q

Prop efficiency

A

Thrust hp divided by shaft hp

72
Q

Critical Mach (Definition)

A

Mach number where first evidence of local supersonic flow occurs

73
Q

Region of Reverse Command (Definition)

A

Area on the PR curve, left of min. power required, where a decrease in velocity requires an increase in power required

74
Q

Slipstream Swirl (Definition)

A

Prop wash swirls clockwise around fuselage striking tail on the left side causeing left yaw

75
Q

Torque factor (Definition)

A

Roll opposite the direction of propeller rotation

76
Q

Gyroscopic precession (Definition)

A

Force progresses 90° in the direction of prop rotation. Affects variance in left and right spin

77
Q

To maintain level flight during a 60° bank angle turn will require ____

A

2 G + thrust

78
Q

Is a heavy/larger or a smaller/light plane hardest to meaneuvre, and why?

A

Heavy/larger, because it’s more stable

79
Q

________ is the greatest positive contributor

A

Vertical stabilizer

80
Q

Cross coupling

A

Roll causes adverse yaw and adverse yaw causes roll

81
Q

Proverse roll (Definition)

A

Roll in the same direction as yaw

82
Q

Geometric twist (Definition)

A

Reduction in angle of incidence from wing root to wing tip

83
Q

Aerodynamic twist (Definition)

A

Reduction in camber from wing root to wing tip

84
Q

Accelerated spin (Definition)

A

Spinning with the stick other than full aft

T-6 ENJJPT (19 decks)

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