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Microbiology > Aerobic Gram + Bacilli > Flashcards

Aerobic Gram + Bacilli Flashcards

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0
Q

1 laboratory contaminant

A

Bacillus subtilis

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1
Q

Clostridium and bacillus differ in

A

Oxygen requirement

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2
Q

Sporeforming rod shaped organisms

A

Bacillus

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3
Q

Bacillus can be isolated from

A

Soil

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4
Q

Bacillus is motile except

A

B.anthracis
And
B.mycoides

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5
Q

Why are the empty spaces of bacillus unstained

A

Because the spores cannot be stain by gs

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6
Q

Microscopy in bacillus

A

Boxcar shaped gram positive cells

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7
Q

Most clinically significant species

A

Bacillus cereus group

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8
Q

Produce poison

A

B.anthracis

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9
Q

Causative agent of anthrax

A

Anthrax bacillus

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10
Q

Percentage of nacl in b.anthracis

A

7%

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11
Q

Microscopy of b.anthracis

A

Bamboo fishing rod

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12
Q

Culture in bap in b.anthracis

A

Medusa head colonies

Beaten egg white appearance

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13
Q

A tissue destructive enzyme

A

Lecithinase

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14
Q

Growth factor of b.anthracis

A

Thiamine (B1)

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15
Q

Antibiotic used in AST

A

Penicillin

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16
Q

What kind of appearnce differentiates anthracis from cereus

A

String of pearl appearance

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17
Q

Virulence factors of b.anthracis

A

D-glutamic acid capsule

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18
Q

Conc. of penicillin

A

0.05-0.5 U/ml

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19
Q

A disease affecting primarily farm animals by feeding on plants contaminated with the spores

A

Anthrax

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20
Q

3 types of anthrax

A

Cutaneous anthrax
Pulmonary anthrax
Gastrointestinal anthrax

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21
Q

Other term for pulmonary anthrax

A

Woolsorter’s disease

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22
Q

This type of anthrax was acquired thru skin cuts qnd abrasions
Characterized by the appearance of black eschar

A

Cutaneous anthrax

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23
Q

Acquired when spores are inoculated into a lesion on the intestinal mucosa following ingestion

A

Gastrointestinal anthrax

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24
Q

Acquired when spores are inhaled into the pulmonary parenchyma

A

Pulmonary anthrax

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25
Q

Signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal anthrax

A 
Abdominal pain
Nausea
Anorexia
Vomiting
Bloody diarrhea
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26
Q

Signs and symptoms of woolsorter’s disease

A

Mild fever
Fatigue
Malaise
Dyspnea

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27
Q

Other term for bacillus cereus

A

Fried rice bacillus

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28
Q

Causes food poisoning due to ingestion of contaminated rice

A

B.cereus type 1

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29
Q

Most commonly encountered bacillus in opportunistic infections

A

B.cereus

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30
Q

Opportunistic infections

A 
Eye and ear infections
Endocarditis
Osteomyelitis
Meningitis
Bacteremia
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31
Q

Culture in b.cereus

A

Bap

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32
Q

What kind of colonies are in b.cereus

A

Frosted glass colonies

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33
Q

Biochemical test in b.cereus

A

Ferments salicin

+ lecithinase

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34
Q

2 types of food poisoning

A

Diarrheal type

Emetic type

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35
Q

Associated with ingestion of improperly stored fried rice/reheated rice

A

Emetic type

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36
Q

Associated with ingestion of contaminated meat or poultry, amd vegetables

A

Diarrheal type

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37
Q

Incubation period of emetic type

A

1-6 hrs (short incubation)

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38
Q

Incubation period of diarrheal type

A

8-16 hrs (long incubation)

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39
Q

Symptoms in diarrheal type

A

Abdominal pain

Watery diarrhea without fever

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40
Q

Symptoms in emetic type

A

Abdominal cramps

Profuse vomiting

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41
Q

Common lab contaminant

A

Hay bacillus

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42
Q

Culture in b.subtilis

A

Ground glass appearance

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43
Q

Biochemical test in b.subtilis

A

Ferments mannitol
Xylose
Arabinose

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44
Q

Specimens for b.subtilis

A

Malignant pustule
Sputum
Blood

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45
Q

It is typically isolated from normally sterile sites such as blood, lung tissue, and csf

A

B.anthracis

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46
Q

Spore stains

A

Malachite green

Mc fadyan stain

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47
Q

Used to observe the capsule of b.anthracis in blood or csf

A

India ink

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48
Q

This agar is used ro induce the capsule formation of b.anthracis

A

Bicarbonate agar

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49
Q

Medium used to observe the inverted pine tree

A

Gelatin medium

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50
Q

This test Differentiates bacillus from clostridium

A

Catalase test

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51
Q

Assume various shape and arrangement

A

Pleomorphism

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52
Q

This reagent has the ability to turn colonies into black colonies

A

Potassium tellurite

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53
Q

Club shape bacteria

A

Corynebacterium

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54
Q

Cell walls of corynebacteria

A

Mycobacteria

Nocardia

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55
Q

What is in the cell wall of mycobacteria and nocardia

A

Mycolic acid

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56
Q

Cornyebacterium are glucose and maltose fermenters except

A

C.urealyticum

C.pseudodiphtheriticum

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57
Q

Other terms for corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Diphtheria bacillus

Kleb loeffler’s bacillus

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58
Q

They are pleomorphic rods but grow best under aerobic conditions

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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59
Q

Mot of corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Contaminated respiratory droplets or direct contact

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60
Q

What enriched medium is for chorayni

A

Cystine

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61
Q

Virulence factor of corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Diphtheriae toxin

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62
Q

What type of toxin is the diphtheria toxin

A

Exotoxin

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63
Q

Only effective control of diphtheria

A

Immunization

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64
Q

An acute, contagious disease characterized by the production of a systemic toxin

A

Diptheria

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65
Q

False membrane lining

A

Pseudomembranous formation

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66
Q

Diptheria toxin is nontoxic until exposed to what amino acid

A

Trypsin

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67
Q

Process where it cleaves the toxin into 2 fragments

A

Trypsinazation

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68
Q

2 forms of diphtheria

A

Respiratory form

Cutaneous form

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69
Q

Characterized by slow healing ulcers

A

Cutaneous form

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70
Q

Other terms for cutaneous form

A

Velat sore

Barcoo rot

71
Q

Characterized by the development of an exudative membrane that covers the tonsils, uvula, palate, and pharyngeal wall

A

Pharyngitis

72
Q

Often result of cardiac failure

A

Death

73
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae group
Or
CDG

A

C.diphtheriae
C.ulcerans
C.pseudotuberculosis

74
Q

Appearance of the colonies of the cdg group

A

Black colonies with brown halo

75
Q

This swab is preferred for collection

A

Calcium alginate swab

76
Q

Whats the reason of black colonies

A

Tellurite

77
Q

This agar plate culture of c.diphtheriae identifies gravis biotype

A

Mcleod agar plate

78
Q

Cystine tellurite is

A

Whole blood

79
Q

Tinsdale media is

A

Serum

80
Q

Preferred medium for isolation and identification of corynebacteria

A

Ctba

Cystine tellurite blood agar

81
Q

+ result for ctba

A

Black or brownish colonies after 48 hrs of incubation

82
Q

3 colonial types

A

Mitis
Intermedius
Gravis

83
Q

Most severe colonial type

A

Gravis

84
Q

Smallest colonies

A

Intermedius

85
Q

Daisy head colonies

A

Gravis

86
Q

Bleach like odor

Fried egg appearance

A

Mitis

87
Q

This agar is composed of sheep’s blood, bovine serum, cystine, k tellurite, na thiosulfate

A

Tinsdale agar

88
Q

Poached egg colonies

A

Pai’s slant

Loeffler serum agar

89
Q

Other term for metachromatic granules

A

Babes ernst granules

90
Q

Food reserves of c.diphtheriae

A

Babes ernst granules

91
Q

It is used for identification of bacteria producing the enzyme urease

A

Christensen urea slant

92
Q

Other bacteria with black colonies on CTBA

A

Staphylococcus

Streptococcus

93
Q

+ result of christensen urea slant

A

Magenta color

94
Q

Test for immunodiffusion test

A

Elek plate test

95
Q

Medium used for elek plate test

A

Molten agar

96
Q

Rgt used for elek plate test

A

Rabbit serum
And
Potassium tellurite

97
Q

+ result in immunodiffusion test

A

45 mm fine precipitin lines at 45 angle

98
Q

Skin test for c.diptheriae

A

Schicks test

99
Q

Used to observe the urease production of c.urealyticum

A

Christensen urea slant

100
Q

Reason of chinese letters

A

Incomplete fission during multiplication

101
Q

+ gelatin formation

A

C.ulcerans

102
Q
  • gelatin formation
A

C.pseudotuberculosis

103
Q

Grows well in narrow zone of beta hemolysis

A

S.agalactiae

104
Q

Associated with shtheria-like sore throat

A

C.ulcerans

105
Q

Produces a dermonecrotic toxin and diphtheria toxin

A

C.pseudotuberculosis

106
Q

Biochemical test in c.pseudotuberculosis

A

+ urease

- gelatin formation

107
Q

Other term for c.pseudodiptheriticum

A

Hoffman’s bacillus

108
Q

Normal flora of human nasopharynx

A

C.pseudodiptheriticum

109
Q

False diptheriticum

A

C.pseudodiphtheriticum

110
Q

No characteristic pleomorphism

A

C.pseudodiptheriticum

111
Q

One of the causes of uti

A

C.urealyticum

112
Q

Urinary pathogen

A

C.urealyticum

113
Q

Biochemical test in c.urealyticum

A

Rapid urease producer

114
Q

Salt loving

A

Listeria monocytogenes

115
Q

Characteristic of listeria monocytogenes

A

Tumbling motility

116
Q

Recovered fro dairy products and processed meats

A

Listeria monocytogenes

117
Q

Virulence factor of listeria monocytogenes

A

Listeriolysin O

118
Q

Microscopy: gram + coccobacillus

A

Listeria monocytogenes

119
Q

Pregnant women should avoid eating

A

Soft cheeses

120
Q

A serious infection primarily of neonates

A

Listeriosis

121
Q

Spontaneous abortion

Stillbirth

A

Disease in pregnant women

122
Q

Leads to neonatal meningitis

A

Disease in the newborn

123
Q

Standard temp for motility test

A

35

124
Q

+ reault for motility test

A

Tumbling motility

Umbrella shaped/ inverted xmas tree

125
Q

Medium used in motility test

A

Sulfide indole motility

126
Q

Agar used for monocytogenes

A

Mc bride agar

127
Q

How will you know if an organism is a H2S producer

A

Medium would turn black

128
Q

Basic medium that detects bacteria that can produce H2S

A

Sim

129
Q

+ camp reaction

A

Block type hemolysis

130
Q

Means red skin, thread

A

Erysipelothrix

131
Q

Means red disease

A

Rhusiopathiae

132
Q

Only species in the genus that cause human disease

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

133
Q

Only catalase negative, gram positive non sporeforming rod that produces h2s

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

134
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is resistant to

A

Salting
Picking
Smoking

135
Q

Major reservoir of erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

A

Domestic swine

136
Q

Gelatin stab culture of erysipelothrix

A

Pipe cleaner

Test tube brush

137
Q

3 types of infections

A

Septicemia
Endocarditis
Erysipeloid

138
Q

Localized infection that resembles streptococcal erysipelas

A

Erysipeloid

139
Q

2 types of colonies

A

Large and rough colonies

Small and smooth colonies

140
Q
  • catalase

+ H2S production in tsi medium

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

141
Q

Similar with fungi

A

Filaments or hyphae

142
Q

Have the ability to degrade amyl alcohol, paraffin and rubber

A

Aerobic actinomycetes

143
Q

What makes it acid fast

A

Mycolic acid in the cell wall

144
Q

Reasons why 7 days or more is the growth of nocardia

A

Wall is hydrophobic

Moisture cannot enter easily

145
Q

Whats in the cell wall of nocardia

A

Peptidoglycan
Mesodiaminopimelic acid
Arabinose, galactose

146
Q

Species in nocardia

A

N.asteroides
N.brasiliensis
N.farcinica
N.nova

147
Q

Common isolate causing infection in nocardia

A

N.asteroides

148
Q

Responsible for 80-90% of human infections

A

Nocardia asteroides complex

149
Q

Facultatively intracellular parasites

A

Nocardia asteroides complex

150
Q

Species in nocardia asteroides complex

A

N.cyriageorgica
N.brasiliensis
N.otitidis caviarum

151
Q

Major cause of infections

A

N.asteroides

N.brasiliensis

152
Q

Common cause of pulmonary disease

A

N.asteroides

153
Q

Predominant cause of skin infection

A

N.brasiliensis

154
Q

3 types of skin infections

A

Actinomycetoma
Lymphocutaneous infection
Pulmonary disease

155
Q

Presence of sulfur granules

A

Actinomycetoma

156
Q

Staining technique used to observe partially acid fast nocardia

A

Modified ziehl-neelsen
Or
Kinyoun stain

157
Q

Decolorizer for modified acid fast stain to observe branching filaments

A

0.5%-1% H2SO4

158
Q

Histopath exam of tissue specimens

A

Gomori’s methenamine-silver

159
Q

Primary culture medium for isolation and storage of fungi

A

Sabouraud dextrose agar (sda)

160
Q

For cultivation or culturiation

A

Middlebrook media

161
Q

To observe the morphology of actinomycetes

A

Tap water agar

162
Q

It resembles klebsiella in bap

A

Rhodococcus equi

163
Q

Coral-like slimy colonies

A

Rhodococcus equi

164
Q

Slightly acid fast

No aerial hyphae

A

Tsukamurella spp.

165
Q

Not a member of actinomycetes

A

Arcanobacterium

166
Q

Can cause pharyngitis and endocarditis

A

Arcanobacterium

167
Q

3 relevant species in arcanobacterium

A

A.haemolyticum
A.pyogenes
A.bernardiae

168
Q

Large medusa head colonies in bap

A

Kuhria

169
Q

Primarily saprophytes

A

Streptomyces

170
Q

Musty basement odor

A

Streptomyces

171
Q

Species in streptomyces

A

S.somaliensis

172
Q

Molar tooth appearance

A

Actinomadura spp.

173
Q

Species in actinomadura spp.

A

A.madurae

174
Q

Is the etiologic agent of whipple’s disease

A

Tropheryma whippelii

175
Q

Found in middle age men

Presence of pas staining macrophages

A

Whipple’s disease

Microbiology (10 decks)

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