Adrenergic Agonists

Question 1

What do adrenergic agents do?

Answer 1

Stimulate the sympathetic system

Question 2

Which does not act on B2 receptors, epinephrine or norepinephrine?

Answer 2

Norepinephrine

Question 3

What are the 4 adrenergic receptors?

Answer 3

A1
A2
B1
B2

Question 4

Which adrenergic agonist and % is commonly used in conjunction with Tropicamide in dilation?

Answer 4

Phenylephrine 2.5%

Question 5

Which receptors does phenylephrine work on?

Answer 5

Alpha 1

-no effect on beta receptors

Question 6

Which type of adrenergic receptors are found in the ciliary body?

Answer 6

Beta receptors

Question 7

Why does phenylephrine cause dilation without cycloplegia?

Answer 7

It only works on alpha 1 receptors, and the receptors in the ciliary body are Beta receptors

Question 8

Which adrenergic agonists can be used to help diagnose Horner’s syndrome?

Answer 8

Phenylephrine

Apraclonidine

Question 9

Phenylephrine is contraindiacted in persons using what 3 meds?

Answer 9

MAOIs
Tricyclic antidepressants
Atropine

Question 10

Which adrenergic agonist is contraindicated in patients with Graves disease?

Answer 10

Phenylephrine

Question 11

What are the 3 non-glaucoma adrenergic agonists?

Answer 11

Phenylephrine
Naphazoline
Tetrahydrozoline

Question 12

What are naphazoline and tetrahydrozoline typically used for?

Answer 12

Ocular decongestants

Question 13

Naphazoline and tetrahydrozoline have a greater effect on which receptors?

Answer 13

Alpha more than beta

Question 14

What are the 2 alpha adrenergic agonists used for glaucoma therapy?

Answer 14

Brimonidine
Apraclonidine
-alpha2 agonists

Question 15

How do the adrenergic agonists work to treat glaucoma?

Answer 15

Decrease aqueous humor production

Increase uveoscleral outflow

Question 16

What is the trade name of brimonidine?

Answer 16

Alphagan

Question 17

Alphagan is highly selective for which receptor?

Answer 17

Alpha 2

Question 18

Brimonidine (Alphagan) is contraindicated in patients taking what meds?

Answer 18

MAOIs

Question 19

Which glaucoma med is shown to have a neuroprotective effect?

Answer 19

Brimonidine (Alphagan)

Question 20

What is the recommended dosing schedule for brimonidine (Alphagan)?

Answer 20

TID

Question 21

What are the possible side effects of brimonidine?

Answer 21

Miosis

Dry mouth

Question 22

Which is more alpha 2 selective, brimonidine or apraclonidine?

Answer 22

Brimonidine

Question 23

Why isn’t apraclonidine used as a chronic glaucoma therapy?

Answer 23

Loses efficacy rapidly - within 8 days (tachyphylaxis)

Long term use has a 50% risk for allergic response

Question 24

In which lighting conditions will Horner’s anisocoria be more pronounced?

Answer 24

Dark (the sympathetic system is affected)

Question 25

In a patient with Horner’s, phenylephrine will still give a full dilation if the lesion is where?

Answer 25

Postganglionic

Question 26

What adrenergic receptors are found in the iris?

Answer 26

Alpha 1

Question 27

When beta2 receptors in the ciliary body are stimulated, what is the effect on aqueous production?

Answer 27

Increased production

Question 28

What is the 1 systemic alpha 2 agonist?

Answer 28

Clonidine

Question 29

What drug is a non-specific alpha and beta agonist?

Answer 29

Pseudoephedrine

Question 30

What are the systemic beta 2 agonists?

Answer 30

Salmeterol
Albuterol
Levalbuterol
Metproterenol
Terbutaline

Question 31

What is the 1 beta1/2 agonist?

Answer 31

Isoproterenol