adenotonsils

Question 1

What are the main functions of adenotonsils?

Answer 1

Main function
Trap bacteria and viruses on inhalation
Expose to immune system
Antibodiesproduced by the immune cells in the tissue
Help to prime immune system and help to prevent subsequent infections.

Question 2

Describe Waldeyer’s ring and what it is comprised of

Answer 2

Waldeyer’s Ring
Ring of lymphoid aggregation in the subepithelial layer of oropharynx and nasopharynx

Comprised of:
Tonsils (Palatine Tonsil)
Adenoids (Pharyngeal Tonsil)
Lingual Tonsil

Picture in disease profile

Question 3

Detail the main differences of in histology on tonsils vs adenoids

Answer 3

Tonsils
	Specialized squamous
	Deep crypts
	Lymphoid follicles
	Posterior capsule
Adenoids
	Ciliated pseudostratified columnar
	Stratified squamous
	Transitional 
	Deep folds

Question 4

What is the type of epithelium in the respiratory tract?

What about the areas where food goes?

What about where air goes?

Answer 4

TOP TIP

Upper aerodigestive
Ciliated columnar respiratory type mucosa
Squamous epithelium

Where food goes / high use / trauma
Squamous
Oral, pharyngeal, vocal cords, oesophagus

Where air goes
Columnar
Nose, PNS, Larynx, Trachea

Question 5

What are some differential diagnoses of acute tonsillitis?

Answer 5

URTI viral infection	
Infectious mononucleosis
Peritonsilar abscess
Candida infection
Malignancy: lymphoma, leukemia, carcinoma
Diptheria
Scarlet fever

Question 6

Is tonsillectomy recommend in recurrent severe sore throat in adults?

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

What are some symptoms of chronic tonsillitis

Answer 7

Malodorous breath”
Presence of tonsilliths
Peritonsillar erythema
Persistent tender cervical lymphadenopathy

Question 8

Describe some symptoms of obstructive hyperplasia of tonsils and adenoids

Answer 8

Adenoid:
Obligate mouth breathing
Hyponasal voice
Snoring and other signs of sleep disturbance
AOM / OME

Tonsil
Snoring and other symptoms of sleep disturbance
Muffled voice
?Dysphagia

Question 9

What are some other terms for glue ear?

Answer 9

Otitis Media with Effusion (OME)

Serous Otitis Media (SOM)

Question 10

What does glue ear mean?

What does acute otitis media mean?

Answer 10

Inflammation of the middle ear accompanied by accumulation of fluid without the symptoms and signs of acute inflammation

Inflammation of the middle ear accompanied by the symptoms and signs of acute inflammation with / without an accumulation of fluid

Question 11

What can otitis media be thought of?

Answer 11

A spectrum - going from Otitis media effusions to acute otitis media