Adaptive With Some Innate Immunity Flashcards
What are the characteristics of adaptive immunity?
- Slow response.(7-14 days), an induced by infection/damage in response to innate immunity via lymphocytes and antibodies
- Response is very specific in response to and infecting microbe/pathogen/antigen
- The product of adaptive immunity a long lived a systemic providing long-term immunity(memory response) against the specific antigen
- Reinfecting tigger very specific lymphocyte/antibody immediately assuring faster, and longer time protection/management of pathogen
Adaptive response characteristics
- Slower response
- Specific response to specific antigen
- Response is long lived- memory against specific antigen
- Re-infection trigger faster response
What triggers, the adaptive immune response
Phagocytosis
What are the 2 phases of immunity
Generational clonal diversity
Clonal selection
What is clonal diversity
Production of T and B cells with all possible receptors for antigens
Immunocompetent T cells differentiate from where?
Thymus in central lymphoid organs from the lymphoid stem cells which originate from bone marrow
lymphoid stem cells - thymus- T immunocompetent T cells
What is the first line of defence?
Physical, mechanical and biochemical barrirers
What is first line of defence
Barrier on the bodies surface, either internally or externally
In place at birth
What is the second line of defence?
Inflammation
When the first line is breached what will be the second line of defence
Inflammation which involves vascular and cellular activities
What is the third line of defence?
Adaptive(acquired or specific) immunity
What are the 3 main defence mechanisms in first line defence?
Physical and mechanical barrier
Biochemical barrier
Human microbiome
What type of response is first line of defence?
It is a static response
What are xtics of first line of defence?
It’s first line against injuries and infection
It is constant
Broadly none specific
Work against all pathogens and external factors that enters the body
Physical barriers of first line of defence are what!
Skin
Linings of thr gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract and respiratory tracts
How do the physical barriers of the first line defend the body?
Sloughing off cells
Cough and sneezing expel pathogens
Flushing- urine
Vomiting
Mucus and cilia capture the organisms and expel them
What are the chemical barriers?
They are epithelial cell derived chemical barriers e.g saliva, tears, earwax, sweat and mucus
How do the chemical barriers of the first line of defence protect the body
Secrete saliva, tears, earwax, sweat and mucus membranes that traps invaders and have substance that kills
Antimicrobial peptides
Cathelicidins, Defensin, collectins and mannose binding lectins
How does the normal microbiome protect the body?
Bacteria and fungi colonies the surface, they do not cause disease
Protect the body against pathogenic organisms
The tightly associated epithelia cells of the skin GI, GU and respiratory tract protection serve as what?
Line of first defence
Substances in mucus, perspiration, saliva, tears and cerulean does what in primary defence
Trap and kill pathogens
Perspirations, tears, saliva contain what enzyme
Lysozyme that attack the cell of gram positive bacteria
What substance in sebaceous gland help with first line of defence
Sebaceous gland contain Fatty acids and lactic acid which kill bacteria and fungi
How do glandular secretions protect the body
By creating acidic environment pH 3-5 which is inhabitable by many pathogens
Unless acid loving bacteria like tuberculosis causing organisms
List Antimicrobial peptides that help with first line of defence
Cathelicidins
Defensin
Collectins
What’s the function of Antimicrobial peptide cathelicidins
Bacteria have cholesterol free cell membranes, cathelicidins disrupt and kill these bacteria
