Adaptive Immunity Flashcards
Adaptive immunity is what line of defence
3rd line
Between innate (inflamatory) response and adaptive response which is faster?
Innate- activation is immediate post tissue damage ([Mast cell, Histamine and other Cytokine responses]
Vascular events and s/s of inflammation.
Adaptive response is slower- [7-14 days] and induced by
infection/damage in response to the innate immunity
via lymphocytes and antibodies
what is the difference in immune response between innate and adaptive immune response
Innate- rxn similar irrespective of cause of damage and is non specific
Adaptive immunity: response is specific to an infecting microbe/pathogen/antigen
what happens to produces mediators of immune respones in both innate and adaptive response
Innate immunity: The residual mediators of inflammation can damage surrounding healthy tissue and need to be removed
to support healing
Adaptive immunity: the products of adaptive immunity are long-lived and systemic providing long-term immune protection
[memory response] against the specific pathogen
What happens in case of reinfection in innate and adaptive immune response
Innate: Recurrent injury/infection this response is identical to
the initial injury/infection
Adaptive:
Re-infection triggers very specific
lymphocytes/antibodies immediately assuring faster
and longer-term protection/management of
pathogen
Naive T and B cells are made where.
Thymus- for T cells
Bone marrow for B cells
What is the process of Humoral immunity
Antibody mediated
The process where by T cell and B cells under go differentiation to be come immunocompetent T and B cell is called what?
Generation of Clonal diversity
Are naive T cells and B cells specific?
No, they have never encountered an antigen
What is Clonal selection?
It’s a process of selection, proliferation and differentiation of individual T and B cells with receptors for specific antigen
Where are the B and T cells found circulating in the body
T cell mostly circulating in the blood
B cells 80% are located the lymphatics where they await invading organisms
What triggers B cells to start the humoral immunity
Free floating antigens
When lymphoid stem cells enter the thymus they differentiate into what
T lymphocyte
ie T cells derived from thymus
When lymphoid cells enter the bone marrow they differentiate into what
B lymphocytes
ie B cells
Clonal Diversity is what?
Process by which B and T cells establish their diversity of antigen receptor
When immunocompitent B cells and T cells enter the blood and lymphatic where do they migrate to?
Secondary lymphoid organs ( lymph nodes spleen)
What initiate Clonal selection
Foreign antigen
What happens after Clonal selection?
Proliferation and deffentistion resulting in cellular or humoral immunity
What mediate cellular immunity
T cytotoxic cells
T regulatory cells
Memeory T cell
Can respond quickly to 2nd challenge with the same antigen
After differentiation, B cells into specialized cells, develop into what?
Plasma cells that becomes factory for antibody production
Antibody circulating in the blood and defend against extracellular microbes and toxin is called what?
Humoral immunity
Clonal selection occurs where in the body?
Peripheral
Adenoids
Tonsil
Lymph nodes
Lymphatic vessels
Sleep
Payer patches (ileum only)
All nucleated cells express self antigen know as what
MHC 1
Why Phagocytosis neutrophils breakdown antigen into what?
Free radical reaction (oxidative burst) or exocytosis - expel the elements into extracellular space called FREE ANTIGEN
Macrophages/dendritic cells breakdown elements and expose the antigen on the membrane via what?
MHC2
Where is complement produce? And what are the 3 cascades?
Complement produced in liver in inactive form
Complement cascades
1. Classical antibody activated C1-C9 producing C3a and C5a
2. Alternate - direct binging or antigen protein via C3b trigger cascade and C3a and C5a
3. Lectin pathway - via pathogens surface coat
What are the function of the complement pathways
For direct lysis of bacteria
Opsionization of C3b
Enhance inflammation C3a &C5a
What is the process of Humoral immunity
Macrophage [presenting antigen [pieces of the organism] on their surface carried by major
histocompatibility complex type 2 [MHC 2]
- Neutrophils exocytosis their antigens into the extracellular fluid [called FREE ANTIGENS]
- Both move into the lymphatic system in which there are many “naïve” B and T-lymphocytes [with
multiple receptors] - B-lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte process from “naïve” to “activated”
- How they interact with each other to produce differentiated B-memory cells and Plasma cells
What are the ways plasma screated antibodies kill pathogen?
- neutralization
- Lysis
- opsionization
- precipitation
- agglutination
Process of inactivating or blocking the binding of antigens to receptors is known as what?
neutralization
clumping insoluble particles that are in suspension is known as what?
Agglutination