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Y2 Ophthalmology > Acute Vision Loss > Flashcards

Acute Vision Loss Flashcards

1
Q

what type of glaucoma causes acute vision loss

A

acute closed angle glaucoma

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2
Q

what is the pathology of acute closed angle gluacoma

A

increased intra-ocular pressure, resistance to aqueous flow at iridocorneal angle

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3
Q

is farsighted or shortsighted a risk factor for acute closed angle glaucoma

A

farsighted

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4
Q

is acute closed angle glaucoma more commonly unilateral or bilateral

A

unilateral

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5
Q

what are the main symptoms of acute closed angle glaucoma

A

pain, vomiting, headache, acute vision loss

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6
Q

what is seen on examination in acute closed angle glaucoma

A

injected scleral vessels
mid dilated pupil
cloudy cornea

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7
Q

what is the management of acute closed angle glaucoma

A

diamox then lazer procedure

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8
Q

what is the presentation of a retinal detachment

A

painless vision loss, floaters, curtain coming down

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9
Q

is shortsightedness or farsightedness a risk factor for retinal detachments

A

short sighted

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10
Q

what type of age related macular degeneration causes acute vision loss

A

wet type

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11
Q

what is the pathology of age related macular degeneration wet type

A

angiogenesis under retina leak blood

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12
Q

what is the presentation of age related macular degeneration wet type

A

decreased central vision acuity, metamorphopsia

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13
Q

what is the management of age related macular degeneration wet type

A

intravitreal anti-VEGF

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14
Q

what is the presentation of central retinal artery occlusion

A

profound painless monocular loss

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15
Q

what is seen on fundoscopy in central retinal artery occlusion

A

pale, cherry red spot, edematous retina, thread-like retinal vessels

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16
Q

what scan is used to determine the cause of central retinal artery occlusion

A

Carotid doppler

17
Q

what is the management of central retinal artery occlusion with less than 24 hours since onset

A

ocular massage

18
Q

what is the presentation of central retinal vein occlusion

A

painless moderate-severe monocular loss

19
Q

what is seen on fundoscopy in central retinal vein occlusion

A

retinal haemorrhages, dilated tortuous veins, disc swelling, macular swelling, dark

20
Q

what scan is used to diagnose a central retinal vein occlusion

A

OCT scan (??? true)

21
Q

what is the management of a central retinal vein occlusion

A

intravitreal anti-VEGF

22
Q

what is the pathology of ischaemic optic neuropathy

A

posterior ciliary artery occlusion causing optic nerve head infract

23
Q

what is a cause of ischaemic optic neuropathy

A

giant cell arteritis of ophthalmic artery

24
Q

what is seen on fundoscopy in ischaemic optic neuropathy

A

pale swollen disc

25
Q

what is the presentation of ischaemic optic neuropathy

A

irreversible profound vision loss

26
Q

what is amaurosis fugax

A

transient ophthalmic artery occlusion

27
Q

what is the presentation of amaurosis fugax

A

curtain coming down less than 5 minutes

28
Q

what is the management of amaurosis fugax

A

aspirin

29
Q

what vessels are affected by giant cell arteritis

A

medium size ophthalmic / temporal artery

30
Q

what age is most at risk of giant cell arteritis

A

elderly

31
Q

what is the main presentation of giant cell arteritis

A

temporal tender headache, jaw claudication, weight loss, enlarged scalp arteries, amaurosis fugax

32
Q

what condition do 50% of giant cell arteritis patients also have

A

polymyalgia rheumatica

33
Q

what abnormalities are seen on blood tests in giant cell arteritis

A

increased ESR, CRP & PV

34
Q

what test is diagnostic of giant cell arteritis

A

artery biopsy

35
Q

what is the problems with biopsies in giant cell arteritis

A

lots of false negatives due to skip lesions

36
Q

what is the management of giant cell arteritis

A

high dose oral steroids + PPI + aspirin

37
Q

why do you give aspirin for giant cell arteritis

A

to decrease the risk of ischaemic optic nueropathy

38
Q

what is a differential for acute vision loss

A

central retinal artery/vein occlusion, amaurosis fugax, ischaemic optic neurpathy, vitreous haemorrhage, retinal detachment, stroke, optic neuritis, wet ARMD, ACAG

39
Q

what may be seen on examination in central retinal vein occlusion

A

rubeosis iridis

Y2 Ophthalmology (9 decks)

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