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Y2 Ophthalmology > Acute Red Eye > Flashcards

Acute Red Eye Flashcards

1
Q

what is the pathology of anterior uveitis

A

increased protein in aqueous humour obscures vision

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2
Q

what is seen on examination in anterior uveitis

A

hypopyon, synechiae, keratic precipitates, circumconreal redness

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3
Q

what is iritis

A

anterior uveitis

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4
Q

what is the general presentation of anterior uveitis

A

photophobia, pain, +- decreased vision

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5
Q

what is the management of anterior uveits

A

TOP CCS pred forte + mydriatic cyclopentolate

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6
Q

what is the most likely cause of bilateral orbital cellulitis

A

n. gonorrhoea

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7
Q

what ages are affected by orbital cellulitis

A

children or adults

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8
Q

what is the important differentiation in cellulitis on the face

A

orbital or preseptal since orbital is sight threatening

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9
Q

what scan is required for orbital cellulitis

A

CT to find abscess

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10
Q

what is the management of an orbital abscess

A

drainage

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11
Q

what is the presentation of orbital cellulitis

A

pain on eye movement, proptosis, pyrexia, red swelling

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12
Q

what is the management of orbital cellulitis

A

drain + ceftriaxone (anaerobes) + fluclox (s. aureus) + metronidazole

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13
Q

what is blepharitis

A

inflamed eyelid/eyelash

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14
Q

what is seborrhoeic blepharitis

A

scales on lashes

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15
Q

what is staph blepharitis

A

eyelash follicle infection

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16
Q

what is the presentation of blepharitis

A

gritty/foreign body sensation, discharge

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17
Q

what is the presentation of staph blepharitis

A

red lid margin, trichiasis, stye, marginal ulcer

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18
Q

what condition is linked to Meibomian gland dysfunction

A

acne rosacea

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19
Q

what is the management of blepharitis

A

PO doxycycline

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20
Q

what type of conjunctivitis causes preauricular lymph node swelling

A

adenovirus

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21
Q

what is the aetiology of conjunctivitis

A

skin disease, sicca, bacteria, virus, dacrocystitis, allergy, foreign body, glaucoma medication SE, pemphigoid

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22
Q

what types of conjunctivitis are follicular

A

viral and chlamydia

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23
Q

what differentiates viral and bacterial conjunctivitis

A

viral; watery discharge, follicles

bacterial; pus, papillae

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24
Q

is vision affected by conjunctivitis

A

no

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25
Q

what is the presentation of chlamydia conjunctivitis

A

bilateral rice grains, subtarsal scar, follicles, +- chronic

26
Q

what diagnostic tool might be used for conjunctivitis

A

swab

27
Q

what is the 1st line treatment for bacterial conjunctivits

A

TOP ABx chloramphenicol

28
Q

what is a common side effect of chloramphenicol

A

allergy

29
Q

what antibiotic is given for bacterial conjunctivitis if chloramphenicol is contraindicated

A

fusidic acid

30
Q

what is the management of chlamydia conjunctivis

A

TOP oxytetracycline

31
Q

what is the management of viral conjunctivitis

A

TOP acyclovir

32
Q

what vitamin deficiency can cause corneal ulcers

A

Vit A

33
Q

what are some causes of corneal ulcers

A

sicca, autoimmune, infection, thyroid, Steven Johnson synd,

34
Q

what is Hutchison’s sign

A

zoster on nose

35
Q

what causes dendritic corneal ulcers

A

herpes zoster

36
Q

what is used to see dendritic corneal ulcers

A

fluorescein dye

37
Q

what is keratitis

A

corneal inflam

38
Q

what is the presentation of a corneal ulcer caused by adenovirus

A

bilateral, recent URTI

39
Q

what investigations are used for keratitis

A

fluroescein dye and corneal scape for culture

40
Q

what is the presentation of staph keratitis/corneal ulcer

A

acute red eye, decreased vision, hypopyon

41
Q

what is the management of bacterial keratitis

A

admit for hourly ofloxacin

42
Q

what is the management of herpetic keratitis

A

TOP acyclovir and NO CCS (corneal melt)

43
Q

what is the management of keratitis caused by adenovirus

A

self limiting

44
Q

what is the management of autoimmune keratitis

A

TOP/PO CCS

45
Q

what is chorioretinitis

A

choroid and retina inflam

46
Q

what are some causes of chorioretinitis

A

CMV, toxoplasma protozoa, toxocara nematode

47
Q

what is a common cause of endophthalmitis

A

conjunctival commensal s. epidermidis causes intra-ocular infection post surgery

48
Q

what is the general presentation of endophthalmitis

A

very painful, decreasing vision

49
Q

what is diagnostic of endophthalmitis

A

aqueous/vitreous culture

50
Q

what is the management of endophthalmitis

A

intravitreal antibiotic e.g. vancomycin + TOP antibiotic

51
Q

what conditions are associated with scleritis

A

anterior uveitis and autoimmune conditions

52
Q

what is the presentation of scleritis

A

diffuse scleral redness, pain, violaceous hue, headache

53
Q

what test is used for scleritis

A

phenylephrine test

54
Q

what is the management of scleritis

A

PO CCS

55
Q

what is the presentation of episcleritis

A

recurrent localised scleral redness +- gout

56
Q

what is the management of episcleritis

A

self limiting +- TOP NSAID

57
Q

what are the complications of orbital cellulitis

A

blind, brain abscess, intraocular abscess

58
Q

what is the cause of orbital cellulits

A

infection spread form paranasal sinuses

59
Q

what are the common infecting organisms in orbital cellulitis

A

s. aureus, haemophilus, s. pneumoniae

60
Q

are corneal ulcers / keratitis painful?

A

needle like pain

61
Q

which viruses can cause corneal ulcers / keratitis

A

herpes zoster, adenovirus

Y2 Ophthalmology (9 decks)

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