Acute Red Eye Flashcards
what is the pathology of anterior uveitis
increased protein in aqueous humour obscures vision
what is seen on examination in anterior uveitis
hypopyon, synechiae, keratic precipitates, circumconreal redness
what is iritis
anterior uveitis
what is the general presentation of anterior uveitis
photophobia, pain, +- decreased vision
what is the management of anterior uveits
TOP CCS pred forte + mydriatic cyclopentolate
what is the most likely cause of bilateral orbital cellulitis
n. gonorrhoea
what ages are affected by orbital cellulitis
children or adults
what is the important differentiation in cellulitis on the face
orbital or preseptal since orbital is sight threatening
what scan is required for orbital cellulitis
CT to find abscess
what is the management of an orbital abscess
drainage
what is the presentation of orbital cellulitis
pain on eye movement, proptosis, pyrexia, red swelling
what is the management of orbital cellulitis
drain + ceftriaxone (anaerobes) + fluclox (s. aureus) + metronidazole
what is blepharitis
inflamed eyelid/eyelash
what is seborrhoeic blepharitis
scales on lashes
what is staph blepharitis
eyelash follicle infection
what is the presentation of blepharitis
gritty/foreign body sensation, discharge
what is the presentation of staph blepharitis
red lid margin, trichiasis, stye, marginal ulcer
what condition is linked to Meibomian gland dysfunction
acne rosacea
what is the management of blepharitis
PO doxycycline
what type of conjunctivitis causes preauricular lymph node swelling
adenovirus
what is the aetiology of conjunctivitis
skin disease, sicca, bacteria, virus, dacrocystitis, allergy, foreign body, glaucoma medication SE, pemphigoid
what types of conjunctivitis are follicular
viral and chlamydia
what differentiates viral and bacterial conjunctivitis
viral; watery discharge, follicles
bacterial; pus, papillae
is vision affected by conjunctivitis
no
what is the presentation of chlamydia conjunctivitis
bilateral rice grains, subtarsal scar, follicles, +- chronic
what diagnostic tool might be used for conjunctivitis
swab
what is the 1st line treatment for bacterial conjunctivits
TOP ABx chloramphenicol
what is a common side effect of chloramphenicol
allergy
what antibiotic is given for bacterial conjunctivitis if chloramphenicol is contraindicated
fusidic acid
what is the management of chlamydia conjunctivis
TOP oxytetracycline
what is the management of viral conjunctivitis
TOP acyclovir
what vitamin deficiency can cause corneal ulcers
Vit A
what are some causes of corneal ulcers
sicca, autoimmune, infection, thyroid, Steven Johnson synd,
what is Hutchison’s sign
zoster on nose
what causes dendritic corneal ulcers
herpes zoster
what is used to see dendritic corneal ulcers
fluorescein dye
what is keratitis
corneal inflam
what is the presentation of a corneal ulcer caused by adenovirus
bilateral, recent URTI
what investigations are used for keratitis
fluroescein dye and corneal scape for culture
what is the presentation of staph keratitis/corneal ulcer
acute red eye, decreased vision, hypopyon
what is the management of bacterial keratitis
admit for hourly ofloxacin
what is the management of herpetic keratitis
TOP acyclovir and NO CCS (corneal melt)
what is the management of keratitis caused by adenovirus
self limiting
what is the management of autoimmune keratitis
TOP/PO CCS
what is chorioretinitis
choroid and retina inflam
what are some causes of chorioretinitis
CMV, toxoplasma protozoa, toxocara nematode
what is a common cause of endophthalmitis
conjunctival commensal s. epidermidis causes intra-ocular infection post surgery
what is the general presentation of endophthalmitis
very painful, decreasing vision
what is diagnostic of endophthalmitis
aqueous/vitreous culture
what is the management of endophthalmitis
intravitreal antibiotic e.g. vancomycin + TOP antibiotic
what conditions are associated with scleritis
anterior uveitis and autoimmune conditions
what is the presentation of scleritis
diffuse scleral redness, pain, violaceous hue, headache
what test is used for scleritis
phenylephrine test
what is the management of scleritis
PO CCS
what is the presentation of episcleritis
recurrent localised scleral redness +- gout
what is the management of episcleritis
self limiting +- TOP NSAID
what are the complications of orbital cellulitis
blind, brain abscess, intraocular abscess
what is the cause of orbital cellulits
infection spread form paranasal sinuses
what are the common infecting organisms in orbital cellulitis
s. aureus, haemophilus, s. pneumoniae
are corneal ulcers / keratitis painful?
needle like pain
which viruses can cause corneal ulcers / keratitis
herpes zoster, adenovirus
