Acute Inflammation I, II Flashcards
Vasodilation occurs at the level of the:
arteriole
Vascular permeability occurs at the level of the:
post-capillary venule
Arachidonic acid is released from the phospholipid cell membrane by phospholipase A2 and then acted upon by cyclooxygenase or 5-lipooxygenase. Cyclooxygenase produces _________ which mediates vasodilation.
prostaglandins
Arachidonic acid is released from the phospholipid cell membrane by phospholipase A2 and then acted upon by cyclooxygenase or 5-lipooxygenase. 5-lipoxygenase produces _________ which mediates vasoconstriction.
leukotrienes
Release of preformed histamine granules from mast cells during the acute inflammatory response mediates what two processes in the blood vessel?
1) Vasodilation 2) Increased vascular permeability
The second phase (delayed) of the mast cell response involves production of what metabolites?
Arachidonic acid metabolites, particularly leukotrienes
True or false? The best mechanism for destroying phagocytosed material is O2-dependent killing.
True!
The presence of Pseudomonas cepacia is dangerous in people with an NADPH oxidase defect because they destroy an alternate mechanism (i.e. bacteria) in which Hydrogen Peroxide is made. What disease is being described?
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)
Chronic granulomatous disease and MPO deficiency both have an effect on the pathway that converts O2 to bleach. However, patients with which one of these disorders will still have a normal NBT test?
MPO deficiency; this disorder doesn’t affect conversion of O2 to the O2-, meaning the NBT would still turn blue.
Macrophages digest phagocytosis using opsonins and destroy it using enzymes; what enzyme in particular is being referred to?
Lysozyme
__________ is a cytokine PRODUCED by macrophages to call in the neutrophil.
IL-8
What would we expect to find in pus?
Dead neutrophils
If you find pus on a patient, what would you do with it?
Culture for aerobic (and anaerobic) bacteria
The majority of the cells involved in broncopneumonia within the alveoli are ______.
neutrophils
The image shown here is an example of a ___________,
banded neutrophil (immature neutrophil)
What is shown in the following image?
Eosinophil
What is shown in the image here?
Mast cell
What is the function of the cell the yellow arrows are pointing to?
PECAM-1 aids in the transmigration process, etc.
What organ is this image from, and what is the top pink layer composed of?
Heart - top layer is fibrin, a component of “fibrinous inflammation”
What is the purple cell in this image?
Macrophage - contains vacuoles and granules, kidney-shaped nucleus
