Acute Inflammation Flashcards
Describe the Innate Immune system
- immediate response to barrier breach
- non-specific, inborn recognition
- no memory
- interacts with & potentiated adaptive immune response
What are some barriers to infection ?
- skin
- lysozyme in tears & other secretions
- stomach acid
What are some components of the innate immune system ?
- recognition molecules
- cells
- soluble components
What are some recognition molecules involved in the innate immune system ?
- collectins
- mannan binding lectins
- ficolins
- C-reactive proteins
What are some cells that are involved in the innate immune system ?
- neutrophils
- mononuclear cells
- natural killer cells
- eosinophils
What are some examples of soluble components of the innate immune system ?
- complement
- interferons
What happens when normal barriers are breached?
- cells of the innate immune system use recognition molecules
- outcomes of this are pathogen destruction, phagocyte activation & inflammation
Describe inflammation
- local response of living mammalian tissue to injury from an agent which could be;
- microbial
- immunological
- physical
- chemical
What are the 5 cardinal signs of acute inflammation?
- redness
- heat
- swelling
- pain
- loss function
What are the 2 types of inflammation ?
- acute & chronic
Describe Acute inflammation
- divided into 2 events - vascular & cellular
- these 2 events are followed intermittently by the release of mediators
Describe the vascular events
- persistent progressive vasodilation
- increase in vascular permeability
- slowing/stasis of microcirculation
- leucocyte margination
Describe Cellular Events
- margination
- rolling
- diapedesis
- chemotaxis
Describe Margination
- Leukocytes assume the peripheral portion of the lumen
Describe Rolling
- rolling and adhesion means leukocytes tumble slowly along the endothelium
- they adhere transiently, detach & bind again
Describe Diapedesis
- transmigration of leukocytes across the endothelium
Describe Chemotaxis
- leukocyte migration towards the site of injury
Describe Pattern Recognition Receptors
- referred to as PRRs
- recognise pathogen-assocatied molecular patterns = PAMPs
- recognise damage associated molecular patterns = DAMPs
What are the 3 kinds of Pattern Recognition Receptors ?
- Toll like Receptors
- Scavenger Receptors
- Opsonins
Describe Scavenger Receptors
- involved in binding low density lipoprotein, some polysaccharides & some nucleic acids
- internalisation of bacteria & apoptotic cells
Describe Opsonins
- bind target microbes pr apoptotic cells
- increase attractiveness of target cell for phagocytes
- augment response to targets
- examples = complement, collectins, ficolins
What are some examples of other soluble defence mechanisms ?
- interferons
- microcidal molecules
- complement
- cytokines
Describe Microbiocidal molecules
- collectins & fioclins –> recognise sugars on microbes & apoptotic cells
- pentraxins –> CRP & SAP - Recognise phospholipids on microbes & apoptotic cells
- complement –> family of serum protein - different pathway of activation
What are some examples of cellular defence mechanisms ?
- phagocytosis
- NK cell responses
