Acid Reflux

Question 1

Background information for Antacids

Answer 1

Bases neutralize acids

Question 2

Pharmacology of Antacids

Answer 2

Neutralize stomach acid, converting the acid to water

Question 3

Indications of Antacids

Answer 3

• Heartburn
• Upset Stomach

Question 4

Side effects of Antacids

Answer 4

• Constipation (calcium and aluminum)
• Diarrhea (magnesium)
• Kidney stones (calcium)

Question 5

Drug interactions of Antacids

Answer 5

• Antacids interfere with the absorption of certain medications, which can be avoided by separating medications by at least two hours

Question 6

List the brand names and generic name of Antacids

Answer 6

All OTC
Brand Name: Gaviscon, Mylanta, Rolaids, Tums [Maalox]

Generic Name: Aluminum Hydroxide/Magnesium Carbonate, Aluminum Hydroxide/Magnesium Carbonate/Simethicone, Calcium Carbonate/Magnesium Hydroxide, Calcium Carbonate

Question 7

Important note on Tums, Maalox (Calcium carbonate)

Answer 7

Calcium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid in the stomach to produce water, carbon dioxide, and calcium chloride. Gas is released that can cause belching, bloating, and flatulence. Simethicone can reduce these effects

Question 8

Background information for Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists (H2 Blockers)

Answer 8

Histamine binds to H2 receptors and increases stomach acid production

Question 9

Pharmacology of Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists (H2 Blockers)

Answer 9

H2 blockers prevent histamine from binding to H2 receptors, thus reducing stomach acid production

Question 10

Indications of Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists (H2 Blockers)

Answer 10

• Heartburn
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Question 11

Side effects of Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists (H2 Blockers)

Answer 11

• Constipation
• Gynecomastia (cimetidine only)

Question 12

Drug interactions of Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists (H2 Blockers)

Answer 12

-Absorption of other drugs may be impaired

Question 13

Important note for Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists (H2 Blockers)

Answer 13

With onset of action occurring within 60 minutes of administration, H2 Blockers begin working faster than proton pump inhibitors (PPI)

Question 14

List brand names and generic names of Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists (H2 Blockers)

Answer 14

All OTC, high strengths require Rx
Brand Name: Tagamet, Pepcid, Axid, Zantac

Generic Name: Cimetidine, Famotidine, Nizatidine, Ranitidine

Question 15

What do Histamine-2 Receptor Inhibitors (H2 Blockers) end with?

Answer 15

“-tidine”

Question 16

Background information for Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

Answer 16

Structures in the stomach known as “proton pumps” are responsible for producing acid

Question 17

Pharmacology of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

Answer 17

Proton pump inhibitors interfere with the function of proton pumps, thus decreasing the amount of acid in the stomach

Question 18

Indications of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

Answer 18

• Heartburn
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Question 19

Side effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

Answer 19

• Abdominal pain
• Diarrhea
• Nausea/Vomiting
• Bone fractures

Question 20

Drug interactions of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

Answer 20

• Interfere with the absorption of certain drugs that rely on stomach acid for absorption

Question 21

Important note for Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

Answer 21

PPIs must be introduced into an acidic environment to be activated, should be taken with food

Question 22

List the brand names and generic names of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

Answer 22

Brand Name: Dexilant, Protonix

Generic Name: Dexlansoprazole, Pantoprazole

OTC Down Below
Brand Name: Nexium (OTC), Prevacid (OTC), Prilosec (OTC), AciPhex (OTC)

Generic Name: Esomeprazole (OTC), Lansoprazole (OTC), Omeprazole (OTC), Rabeprazole (OTC)

Question 23

What do Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) end with?

Answer 23

“-prazole”