Acid Reflux Flashcards
Background information for Antacids
Bases neutralize acids
Pharmacology of Antacids
Neutralize stomach acid, converting the acid to water
Indications of Antacids
- Heartburn
- Upset Stomach
Side effects of Antacids
- Constipation (calcium and aluminum)
- Diarrhea (magnesium)
- Kidney stones (calcium)
Drug interactions of Antacids
- Antacids interfere with the absorption of certain medications, which can be avoided by separating medications by at least two hours
Important note on Tums, Maalox (Calcium carbonate)
Calcium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid in the stomach to produce water, carbon dioxide, and calcium chloride. Gas is released that can cause belching, bloating, and flatulence. Simethicone can reduce these effects
Background information for Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists (H2 Blockers)
Histamine binds to H2 receptors and increases stomach acid production
Pharmacology of Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists (H2 Blockers)
H2 blockers prevent histamine from binding to H2 receptors, thus reducing stomach acid production
Indications of Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists (H2 Blockers)
- Heartburn
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Side effects of Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists (H2 Blockers)
- Constipation
- Gynecomastia (cimetidine only)
Drug interactions of Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists (H2 Blockers)
-Absorption of other drugs may be impaired
Important note for Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists (H2 Blockers)
With onset of action occurring within 60 minutes of administration, H2 Blockers begin working faster than proton pump inhibitors (PPI)
What do Histamine-2 Receptor Inhibitors (H2 Blockers) end with?
“-tidine”
Background information for Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
Structures in the stomach known as “proton pumps” are responsible for producing acid
Pharmacology of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
Proton pump inhibitors interfere with the function of proton pumps, thus decreasing the amount of acid in the stomach
Indications of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
- Heartburn
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Side effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
- Abdominal pain
- Diarrhea
- Nausea/Vomiting
- Bone fractures
Drug interactions of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
- Interfere with the absorption of certain drugs that rely on stomach acid for absorption
Important note for Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
PPIs must be introduced into an acidic environment to be activated, should be taken with food
What do Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) end with?
“-prazole”
