Acid-Base Flashcards
What are blood gas samples collected in?
Green top tube
Heparin
What happens in Respiratory Acidosis?
pH, pCO2, HCO3
- hypoventilation
- decreased pH (acidemia)
- increased pCO2 (acidosis)
- increased HCO3 (alkalosis)
What happens in Respiratory Alkalosis?
pH, pCO2, HCO3
- hyperventilation
- increased pH (alkalemia)
- decreased pCO2 (alkalosis)
- decreased HCO3 (acidosis)
What are the two mechanism that result in metabolic acidosis?
- increased in acid (titrational acidosis)
- loss of base (bicarb loss)
What causes Titrational acidosis?
Increase in non-volatile acids
- ketones
- lactate
- uremic acids
- ethylene glycol metabolites
What are the causes of loss of bicarbonate?
- GI loss from diarrhea
- intestinal ileus
- salivation in ruminants
- urinary loss
What are the short-term and long-term compensations for metabolic acidosis?
Short: respiratory alkalosis, increased ventilation
Long: increased renal excretion of H+
What happens in metabolic acidosis?
pH, pCO2, HCO3
- decreased pH (acidemia)
- decreased pCO2 (alkalosis)
- decreased HCO3 (acidosis)
What are the two mechanisms that result in metabolic alkalosis?
- increase in base (bicarb)
- loss of acid
What are the causes of Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis?
- severe gastric vomiting or pyloric outflow obstruction (monogastrics)
- sequestration of fluid in the abomasum (displacement, ileus)
What are the short and long term compensations for metabolic alkalosis?
Short: respiratory acidosis, decreased ventilation
Long: increased renal retention of H+
What happens in metabolic alkalosis?
pH, pCO2, HCO3
- increased pH (alkalemia)
- increased pCO2 (acidosis)
- increased HCO3 (alkalosis)
